Why JT Rocks! :: essays research papers

Ill say straight up that Im not nor ever was an Nsync fan. The 80s are over and so is the order for me to listen to and love pop..I same a bit more substance to my music. But even still, some albums or songs are so catchy, with great shell that even as pop or r&b records they make you run out to the store and purchase them. I thought this was the case w/ Timberlake, as the first single from his Justified had me boppin my head and tapping my toes. No doubt about it, Justin has soul and can sing, so I figured with this new album he would let the whole world know who he is. Houston, we have a problem.....First off, before you notice any amour else about Justins album the first thing that strikes your mind isnt his vocals or style, but who the producers are. Within 6 seconds of each song it becomes apparent who was on the boards that day i.e. Neptunes, Timbaland, Mcknight etc. Now, maybe it was Justins intention to have as many flavors as possible on the album to show his range, whic h isnt a bad thing neccesarily, but I feel that the production overshadows the man on the mic. Justin is never really able to make a song his own, and that is a key thing with great artists. Even if they dont write or produce a song, great artists have the ability to make it their own, to make it impossible for anyone else sing the song in with quite the same impact- this is not the case with Justin. He does an estimable job with each song, and as I said, the boy can sing...but b/c of his lack of ability to make each song his own, the album sounds a bit schizophrenic or rather like a long impersonation Justin performs Timbaland Justin performs Neptunes etc. Production should never overwhelm a song, but full complement the artists style seamlessly(see Aaliyahs Aaliyah album). Maybe next album, Justin will have more of an identity to bring to the mic.And speaking of a lack of identity, that is my next gripe with the album...Justin trying mode too hard to be Micheal Jackson. Now to y ou younger kids out there who cant recall the late 70s and mid to early 80s, this may seem like a new sound. But, all you

Metro Ethernet :: essays research papers

Metro EthernetDisclaimer this is intended to be an introductory technical article certain details have been excluded in the interests of space and clarity. Network design examples are presented to illustrate specific technical points and are not intended to fully complete.Historically mads (Wide field of force Networks) and LANs (Local Area Networks) have relied on independent technologies. At a physical layer WAN technologies today continue to be establish largely on legacy TDM systems that were built initially to support voice, video and early data communications in a reliable fashion. WAN connectivity all over distance often requires the use of regenerators and meet points between multiple Telco suppliers that may span the globe. Without strict adherence to standards, these connections would not function. WAN technologies depend on highly complex and expensive equipment, which can guarantee inter-operability and five 9s reliability required to support the millions of paying cu stomers utilizing the network.Meanwhile, the advent of early PCs and the recognition of the value in networking devices together gave rise to Local Area Networks. These LANs were developed from a business customer perspective, which displace more emphasis on appeals and ease of use over reliability. There were a number of different competing LAN technologies, two of the most honey oil being Token Ring (IBM) and Ethernet (everyone else). The triumph of Ethernet in the marketplace, to the extent where it is included in every PC, game console and some refrigerators, provides a consistent and relatively inexpensive way to build internal networks with relative ease. As the internal PC networks continued to grow and thrive a need to connect different facilities together resulted in development of bridges, gateways and ultimately routers for the sole purpose of connecting LANs to other LANs located anywhere from several miles to several thousand miles apart. These devices rent dispara te interface types to be connected by performing the necessary modifications to the signal and protocols to allow WAN and LAN equipment to understand one another. Because LAN Ethernet and WAN TDM networks were so vastly different in their technical make-up these intermediary devices were needed to allow inter-communication to occur. While the benefits of enterprise connectivity are great, they come at the cost of special hardware, software and application complexity as the speed of the network can change by a factor of 100 between a client and the server (100 Meg bit per second Ethernet to 1.5 Meg bit per second WAN).

What lies in the future of our youth? Essay -- Persuasive, Youth Deli

What lies in the future of our early days? Do we really know? The beliefs should be believed that we have the power to mold the minds of our children, that we have to take any move necessary to make sure that the mold is something that we would like to see in our up and coming youth molded into, and that we cannot allow this mold to be broken. Our staple fiber survival depends on those minds of our youth that we need to take the time to mold today. Youth delinquency is a massively growing problem in the united States today. Youth delinquency refers to abnormal social or legal behavior by children or adolescents, for dealing with juveniles, such as juvenile detention centers. there are a multitude of different theories on the causes of crime, most if not all of which can be applied to the causes of youth crime (Youth Delinquency, 1999 p.1). A youth (juvenile) delinquent is one who repeatedly commits crime. There are multiple reasons for the increase in criminal activity amount t he nations youthful population. A substantial amount of research has been devoted to the factors that may put youth at risk for delinquency. These risk factors can be found in both life domain (individual, family, school, community, and peer group), and everyone experiences some degree of risk in his or her life. With regard to juvenile delinquency, the number, types, duration, timing and severity of risks may increase the likeliness that a youth will engage in antisocial behavior (Christle, Jolivette and Nelson, 2005 p. 70). Delinquent and criminal behavior among young people, as they negotiate the transition from puerility to adulthood, is an increasingly complex and confusing world. For many young people today, traditional patterns guiding the relations... ...quency. With the development of delinquency in youth being influenced by legion(predicate) factors, prevention efforts are comprehensive in scope. Prevention services include activities such as substance abuse educatio n and treatment, family counseling, youth mentoring, parenting education, educational support, and youth sheltering (Youth Delinquency, 1999 p.4). These protective measures should also include protective factors, such as things as strong social support systems, positive role-models and psycho-social education. Encouraging our youth to volunteer promotes civic-mindedness and gives them the luck to associate with other positive youths and people. When our youth are being held accountable and takes responsibility for all of their actions and behaviors, they will have a better and more fit self-esteem and more confident when dealing with the world.

Family vs. Society Essay -- Racism Racial Equality Essays

Family vs. SocietyAs children, our parents instill in us beliefs that we carry with us throughout our lives. umteen beliefs we are taught have been passed on through generations. One such belief is racism. Racism was widespread in the past, but is strongly discouraged in todays society. perchance it is our families, or perhaps it is society that teaches us racism. If we were to look at our families and the mixtures of cultures in our towns, maybe then we would get some sort of understanding as to wherefore racism is so prevalent even today in the year two thousand.Many times it is through our parents and grandparents that racism is passed down to us. Perhaps they dont think of to teach us, but it is through subtle ways that we are taught this. Throughout history, many of us have been taught to look down upon those whom are different than ourselves. I person onlyy wasnt raised this way, but my grandparents were. Many comments they have made throughout the years have often made me feel uncomfortable. I hate to claim it, but I am often embarrassed by my own grandparents ignorance. Ive often wondered why they were raised like that. Only after reading Randall Basss fright and Difference, could I get some sort of understanding. He states, People are considered others when they are perceived to be in competition with or threatening the actually core of a cultures sense of self-identity (210). This sentence made me realize that people feel threatened when another culture with different beliefs mixes with their own. It was then that I bugger off conscious of the fact that my great-grandparents might have felt threatened by the actions of another person or ethnic group, therefore denouncing and condemning them in scarer of their own children. ... ...s diversity, yet in this day and age there is still widespread racism. Why, is the question we need to ask ourselves? Why, if we are raised to believe that all of us are different and all of us are special, is there still the fight between races occurring? The answer to these questions might very well be answered if we look very close to home. The only way to solve this dilemma is to teach our children to look past color, creed, gender, age and religion with hope for a check and stronger society in the future.Works Cited Takaki, Ronald. A Different Mirror A History of Multicultural America. 1993. Border Texts Boston Houghton Mifflin Co, 1999. 589-596. Bass, Randall. Fear and Difference. Border Texts. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co, 1999. 205-210. Cose, Ellis. Whats White, leastwise? Newsweek 11 September 2000. 13 pars. 15 September 2000. .

Arlington National Cemetery :: essays research papers

Arlington National CemeteryAs the birds atomic number 18 singing their sweet melody, the terrain of Arlington National Cemetery is filled with sadness. Although the brilliant rays of sun are shinning by the thick colossal treetops, there is a chill in the air. While watching the mourners, the feeling of their sorrows is all too real. Thousands of headstones in the far distance constitute magnificent mazes against the horizon. The immense land has very little room to spare as it is overflowing with graves of heroic soldiers. The white marble graves are like oversized dominos stacked precisely in the thick wind ruffled grass. It is almost inconceivable to imagine each tomb is the corporal eternal home to a once courageous and patriotic warrior of our homeland. As the fireball in the heavens slowly descends, it creates a glorious silhouette of the inexhaustible number of tombstones. As you leisurely and respectfully journey through the peaceful burial ground, John F. Kennedys last resting place will be discovered. observance over JFKs grave is an eternal flame. The ever lasting flame emits a propane aroma into the calm air. As one may gaze at Kennedys grave, it is difficult to imagine someone would intentionally seize the life of a great leader from our nation.Continuing on, the Tomb of the Unknowns is the next stop on the journey. An extravagant white marble sarcophagus symbolizes the resting place for patriotic fighters who could not be identified during the time of war. Guarding the stunning sarcophagus are Tomb Guard sentinels. These sentinels are considered the dress hat of the elite in the United States military. The elite soldiers stride back and forth in such a beautiful rhythmic motion that it is spectacular. A fantastic feeling is aroused knowing the brave unknown soldiers are being honored for giving their lives in a terrible time of war.

Hiroshima & Nagasaki :: essays research papers

When Truman made his decision to drop the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, I believe it was a bad idea, just in a good way of protecting ourselves from Japan. The reason why I think it was a bad decision was that he didnt real give them enough time to respond, and send a surrender letter. When we didnt receive a letter, we figured they didnt take us seriously. I think the Japanese didnt get the letter yet, or we didnt give them enough time to respond to it. The reason why I think it was a good thing we responded when we did, is because in the time of waiting for that surrender letter, we could have given them enough time to come and attack us when we werent score for it.July 25, 1945, Truman made his final plans to drop the first and only two atomic bombs in existence, at this time, on Japan. A day after his decision, the United States of the States warned Japan of their attack, and that they would stop only if Japan surrendered. Japan refused to surrender.On August 6, 1945, Pre sident Truman dropped the first atomic bomb, named Little Boy, on the Japanese center, Hiroshima. Seconds posterior almost every building collapsed to the ground. Even after the Hiroshima bombing, Japan still refused to surrender. In regards to their response, three days later we dropped the jiffy bomb, named Fat soldiery, right on top of Nagasaki, Japan. Destroying half of the city, and taking 200,000 peoples lives, due to radiation poisoning and injuries caused by this deadly atomic bomb.After the second blast, Emperor Hirohito finally realized that his innocent people were getting hurt. He decided very quickly to end this war and surrender to the Americans. He told his leading to draw up the papers, to end the war.

Relationship between Business Strategy and IT Strategy Essay

The consanguinity between a business and its IT resources extends far beyond the map of IT as a mere tool in proper execution of business operations. Instead, both are linked deeply. The relationship starts with the alignment of Corporate strategic Planning (CSP) with Information Systems Planning (ISP). Determining an entitys mission and goals and developing competitive strategies to meet those goals is CSP. This is an iterative procedure. ISP is a systematic way of establishing the information ineluctably of an organization.ISP likewise includes developing systems, technologies and databases once these needs are known. ISP is successful only when it is done keeping in mind the mission, goals and competitive strategy determined by CSP (Hoffer, George, and Valacich, 1994). The processes of CSP and ISP run parallel and involve three steps. First, current organizational thought is described along with the current IS processes, data, human resource and technological inventory. Seco ndly, the desired future day state of organization is determined. This simultaneously yields required future IS situation.Third step is to develop a strategic plan to achieve the envisioned future state. ISP plays a crucial role by identifying the schedule of projects to undertake to bring IS situation in line with corporate position (Hoffer, George, and Valacich, 1994). With this framework laid out, we will react the questions about Lowrys dream of collaborative computing and the concept of B2B exchange. Were there businesss with strategy formulation? In case of collaborative computing, the strategy was seriously flawed due to these reasons.Jack Lowry was so enthusiastic in pursuit of dream that he failed to properly determine whether the people outside Goldman were ready for such an intriguing project yet. He dedicated two years and millions of dollars in laying the ground without finding a partner willing to make a commitment (Worthen, 2001) because his judgment of importanc e of the project for Goldman and its partners was erroneous. Collaborative computing was undoubtedly an idea worth materializing. However, it was ahead of its duration.A company in a different position may realise had much better results since Goldman resided much lower in supply chain and did not possess the leverage to bring about an perseverance wide change. It required a deep overhaul of entire industriousness including supply chain, manufacturers and customers. Therefore, the strategy had serious problems in timing, position and power to implement. Same is trustworthy for the case of B2B trading exchanges. The concept of bringing together suppliers and customers in a marketplace is undoubtedly very useful but the strategy used for the excogitation was not formulated properly.It failed to identify the real problem lack of software and services to make those exchanges useful (Sawhney, 2002) and focused on creating exchanges. The correct approach would have been to provide s oftware and services to facilitate collaboration between all stakeholders and the exchanges could come automatically as a logical consequence. Were there problems with strategy death penalty? Lowry used Goldman as a laboratory to work on his collaborative computing dream and used millions of dollars in the process.Since Goldman did not hold the position in the industry to effect the change envisioned by Lowry, the implementation of his strategy had this basic problem. For automotive industry, companies such as GM or Ford from regular army or Toyota from Japan were in much better position to implement Lowrys dream because of their dominance in the industry and the dependence of entire industry on these giants. They also had advantage of being on top of the chain since they were the penultimate buyers of the industry and had direct contact with consumers, the ultimate buyers of finished products.The case for B2B exchanges also had flawed execution of the idea since they set out to s olve a problem that did not even exist. They had to re position themselves and change strategies to start get positive results. They changed their focus from creating a trade exchange which was not needed to solving individual business problems via IT solutions. This gave them a customer portfolio which could later be geared towards the goal of creating a trade exchange. Were there problems with the strategic process?In case of collaborative computing, the process was flawed since Lowry did not put significant time and energy in determining whether any supporters of his concept exist outside Goldman, will he find partners ready to invest into his proposed system. He assumed that he will find partners readily based only on cursory investigation to begin with dedicating significant resources to the project. The correct process would have been to prepare partners before a hefty investment into the project to avoid failing to find any partner after two years.In case of B2B exchanges, the process had the problem that the steps were reversed. The experts wanted to have an entire industry on board to create the exchange. The first correct step, as they later realized, was to solve the problems of individual customers that may later yield a portfolio to be used to create an exchange. The scenario leads to the conclusion that in both cases, the concepts and ideas were wonderful but strategies were grossly inappropriate. The cases reinforce the importance of the relationship between CSP and ISP at every level.

Why Do Luxury Companies Sponsor Art?

Course The Environment of Visual liberal arts Administration Instructor Prof. Carlo Lamagna Title of the paper Why do luxury companies sponsor imposture? Author Qing Zhong Why do luxury companies sponsor dodge? Motivations of corporate stratagem sponsorship fall in umpteen categories, as suggested by OHagan and Denice (OHagan,J. 2000). The analysis of this name concentrates on the external benefits a luxury company could gain from sponsoring art and particular attention pass on be given to the promotion of target image, as it is a dominant motivation for corporate decision makers in order to raise brand awareness (Hitters, 1996).To examine the outcomes of art sponsorship, role models of or so luxury companies will be given. These examples include but are not necessarily limited to, Deutsche Bank, LVMH and Hermes. Each example will examine one aspect of the three major(ip) motivations that provide be generalized into the publicity/brand image promotion category. In addition to these three examples, a personal observation will be given as a complete inspection analyzing all the motivations in a flowing process.All the occurrences used in this article are designer sponsorship which direction that luxury companies either initiate corporate art organizations or organize their avouch art final results (Eamon O hOisin 1995). Instead of sponsoring existent art organizations or events, designer sponsorship allow luxury companies to take control over all aspects of the activities and thus maximizes the potential outcomes. The starting point of this discussion is the definition of sponsorship.It has been reiterated thousands of times by many luxury companies as selfless motives. However, it is not true in reality. Differing from charity or philanthropy, sponsorship is at its best a win-win situation in which sponsors put their own benefits, instead of the sponsored subjects, in the first place. For the recipients, financial support may save them from desper ate situations. For the givers, expected benefits include earning capacity growth or transferring a trusty corporate image to the public.Luxury companies may not gain directly from their sponsorship behaviors, but they gain huge indirect bnefits from branding and image promotion to the public (Krzysztof Klincewicz, 1998). validating benefits relating to art sponsorship could be further detailed in three aspects. Firstly, by appearing more frequently in front of the publics eyeball on banners, boards, websites or TV news report, luxury companies propagate themselves and impress the latent clients in a way that is different from traditional advertisements.A good example worth mentioning is the Deutsche Banks sponsorship for various art forms, including art fairs such as the International Hong Kong Art fine, Art Fair Tokyo, self designed art events such as Artist of the Year and influential long-term art projects like the cooperation between Deutsche Bank and the Guggenheim Museum. Figure 1 Hong Kong International Art Fair Sponsorship for worldly historied art events gives Deutsche Bank a wide coverage and exposure in social media and thus expands its visibility to the public, but this variety of brand exposure is not directly related with Deutsche Banks products.It gives the public a fresh and indirect perspective to approach the bevel and its products. As can be seen in Figure 1, whenever viewers browse on the Hong Kong Art Fairs website, they cant avoid noticing the little image of the bank on the right corner. Same situation applies to other art events such as the Deutsche Banks Artist of the Year. It is impossible for the media to mention this event without saying its title beginning with the Deutsche Bank.It is neither impossible for the public to get a first impression for the event without knowing that it is sponsored by the bank. Secondly, art sponsorship transcends the role of a narrowly defined advertising tool and adds meanings and value to the company and its products, which is the most essential difference between art sponsorship and sports or cheer sponsorship (OHagan,J. 2000). Value creation is essential as it stimulates emotional connections in human minds and help luxury companies attract and gather key clients who share the same kind of ifestyle with their unique brands. By sponsoring art, luxury companies create images that consistently convey their value and expect potential clients connect the corporate identity with these images, which is often times not just an illusion as meaning transferring and image associations are most effective and immediate when such image links exist (Gwinner, K. 1997). Lets take a look at Bernard Arnaults plan on the LVMH Museum, which has been a controversial issue since 2006 because of the conflict between the public rights and the corporates benefits.Figure 2 LVMH Museum The museum looks fabulous. Its itself an art work by the renowned architect Frank Gehry, but its also a iconic image of the corporate self-portrait arrogant, powerful, egocentric and elitist. The project once ceased constructing because neighborsobjected they want the space to remain green and they dont want this to be the start of more buildings in the bois, even if its by Gehry. However, the senate in the long run compromised to LVMHs superpower announcing that this project contributes to the civic pride and cultural identity of the nation.Ironically, the content of this museum may not be as democratic or open-hearted as declared. It will include Arnaults private and corporate collectings as well as heritage pieces from several brands such as Dior and Vuitton-those have continuously been regarded as belongings of the elite. Contrary to the senates announcement, LVMH reinforces its value and identity by building up a private coded museum that can only be decoded by the counterparts, namely, the limited elite who would have the sense and taste to appreciate the art in the same way the c ompany appreciates it.Wouldnt the public be shake off if they approach this apparently exclusive and flamboyant museum? They might come up with an even stronger conclusion that glory only belongs to the superior. As for the lucky elite, their requirements for subordination can be further satisfied and therefore confirms their degree of honesty for the company. Thirdly, since sponsorship is naturally linked with social responsibility, it will relieve the publics hatred for the luxury that is often times regarded as a superior, limited VIP belonging distinguishing the elite class from the grass roots.Promotion of public image also provides better returns in luxury companies rent-seeking process that of lobbying important politicians or policy makers (OHagan, J. 2000). Cartier might have been excelled in establishing such a generous and socially responsible identity in its continuous giving for the Foundation Cartier since 1984. Besides the organizations name, there is no link bet ween the artworks commissioned by or in the foundations collection and the Cartier brand.This kind of sponsorship is therefore called the pure sponsorship in order to distinguish from the product-related one (OHagan,J. 2000). Figure 3 The Foundation Cartier The artworks in the collection travel around the world and ongoing programs take place in the foundations dynamic, light-filled home in Paris, which Figure 2 presents. For nearly 30 years, Foundation Cartier has been sponsoring the contemporary art in a modest and prudent manner.Though hard to notice, this conduct might have won a good record for Cartier and would benefit the brand enormously in its long term rent-seeking activities. Finally, in order to delineate a more consistent and comprehensive picture, an independent case based on my personal observation at the Rolex Mentor Protege Arts Initiative will be studied to integrate all the three motivations stated above. The Rolex Mentor and Protege Arts Initiative is an intern ational philanthropic programme created to assist extraordinary, rising artists to achieve their full potential.It seeks out these artists from around the world and brings them together with colossal masters, for a year of creative collaboration in a one-to-one mentoring relationship. The event that I volunteered at was a dinner celebrating the Mentors and Proteges of the 2010-2011 Rolex Arts Initiative. It was truly a quite exclusive event with safeguards standing outside the entrance and all guests dressing up with their by-invitation-only cards. Admittedly, Rolex has done a lot to propagate this foremost, as can be seen on various websites, on banners, n magazines and on spot of the celebrating dinner (Refer to Figure 4). Figure 4 Entrance of the dinner for solemnisation the Rolex Arts Initiative However, By Invitation Only is what I felt for this arts first because during a whole year of mentoring, no public access has been allowed into the procedure all the way from selec ting qualified candidates to presenting the cooperative final projects. Only the selected will have a real sense for what is happening within this event.This selected group includes the renowned artists, board of the Rolex, celebrities and business magnets, all of whom share a common character of being superior and elite (from my observation at the Rolex dinner). As the art initiative reflects the value of Rolex, it satisfies and attracts the same group of people who recognize and approve of this value. If attracting only a small group of people is what Rolex aims at, there will be some questions to ask Does the initiative promote the public image of Rolex? Is this program contributing to the overall goodness of the society?Can the public feel the goodness and if yes, to what purpose? Information gathered from the websites or the observation did not suggest a positive answer to this question, but together they do not provide bounteous evidence to make a decisive conclusion. Luxury companies motivations for art sponsorship are tailored to the internal and external situation each company faces. They are change and sometimes hard to recognize, but together they stimulates information and resource exchange between art organizations, business and the public and contribute to the flourish of the art ecology.Bibliography Bulut, D. unified Social Responsibility in Culture and Art. Management of Environmental Quality20, no. 3 (2009) 311. Comunian, R. Toward a New Conceptual Framework for stock Investments in the Arts Some Examples from Italy. The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society39, no. 3 (2009) 200. Eamon O hOisin. Art Marketing Sport on the Sidelines. Circano. 71 (Spring, 1995) pp. 43-45. Gwinner, K. A Model of Image Creation and Image Transfer in Event Sponsorship. International Marketing Review14, no. 3 (1997) 145.Krzysztof Klincewicz. Ethical Aspects of Sponsorship. Journal of Business Ethics17, no. 9/10, How to Make Business Ethics Operational Cre ating Effective Alliances The 10th Annual EBEN Conference (Jul. , 1998) pp. 1103-1110. OHagan, J. Why do Companies Sponsor Arts Events? some Evidence and a Proposed Classification. Journal of Cultural Economics24, no. 3 (2000) 205. pp. 6. 8 Okonkwo, Uche. Luxury Fashion Branding Trends, Tactics, Techniques. Basingstoke Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. 1 . Deusche Bank,Art & unison Fostering Creativity, http//www. db. com/csr/en/art_and_music. htm (Accessed November 21). 2 . Judith H. Dobrzynski, Paris To Get Gehrys LVMH Museum Afterall, Arts Journel Weblog, http//www. artsjournal. com/realcleararts/2011/04/lvmh. html (Accessed November 21). 3 . LaPlaca Cohen, Cultural Sponsorship, http//www. laplacacohen. com (Accessed November 21). 4 . The Rolex Mentor and Protege Arts Initiative, About the initiative, http//www. rolexmentorprotege. com/en/ about-the-initiative/index. jsp(Accessed November 21, 11).

Control Process in Management

Home About Site Preserve Your Article topic Quality Guide get outs disclaimer TOS Contact Us Skip to content 4 main locomote in control process in way 4 main steps in control process in management ar Control as a management function involves the fol haplessing steps 1. Establishing standards Standards are criteria against which results are measurable. They are norms to achieve the goals. Standards are usually measured in terms of output. They can also be measured in non-monetary terms the like loyalty, guest attraction, goodwill etc.Some of the standards are as. a. Time standards The goal will be set on the basis of time lapse in performing a task. b. damage standards These indicate the financial expenditures involved per unit, e. g. material cost per unit, cost per person, etc. c. Income standards These relate to financial rewards received due to a particular activity like sales volume per month, year etc. d. Market share This relates to the share of the companys pr oduct in the market. e. Productivity Productivity can be measured on the basis of units produced per man hour etc. f. ProfitabilityThese goals will be set with the conside ration of cost per unit, market share, etc. 2. Measuring performance step involves comparison between what is accomplished and what was intended to be accomplished. The measurement of actual performance must be in the units similar to those of pre visualized criterion. The unit or the yardstick thus chosen be clear, well-defined and easily identified, and should be uniform and homogenous throughout the measurement process. The performance can be measured by the following steps (a) Strategic control points It is not possible to check everything that is being done.Feature article aboutProduction ManagementSo it is necessary to extract strategic control points for measurement. Some of these points are (i) Income It is a significant control point and must be as much per unit of time as was expected. If the income is significantly off form the expectation then the reasons should be investigated and a corrective action taken. (ii) Expenses Total and operational cost per unit must be computed and must be adhered to. Key expense data must be reviewed levelically. (iii) Inventory Some minimum inventory of both the finished product as well as raw materials must be kept in stock as a buffer.Any change in inventory level would determine whether the production is to be increased or decreased. (iv) Quality of the product Standards of established prime(a) must be maintained especially in food processing, medicine manufacturing, automobiles, etc. The process should be continuously observed for any deviations. (v) Absenteeism Excessive absenteeism of personnel is a serious reflection on the environment and working conditions. Absenteeism in excess of chance expectations must be seriously investigated. (b) Meclzanised measuring devicesThis involves a wide variant of technical instruments used for measure ment of machine operations, product quality for size and ingredients and production processes. These instruments may be mechanical, electronic or chemical in nature. (c) Ratio analysis Ratio analysis is one of the most grand management tools. It describes the relationship of one business variable to another. The following are some of the important ratios i) web sales to working cap The working capital must be utilised adequately. If the inventory turnover is rapid then the same working capital can be used again and again.Hence for putrescible goods, this ratio is high. Any change in ratio will signal a deviation from the norm. ii) Net sales to inventory The greater the turnover of inventory, generally, the higher(prenominal) the profit on investment. iii) Current ratio This is the ratio of current asset (cash, receivables etc. ) to current liabilities, and is used to determine a firms ability to pay the perfectly term debts. iv) Net profits to net sale This ratio measures the s hort-run profitability of a business. v) Net profits to tangible net worth Net worth is the difference between tangible assets (not good will, etc) and total liabilities.This ratio of net worth is used to measure profitability over a bulky period. vi) Net profits to net working capital The net-working capital is the operating capital at hand. This would determine the ability of the business to finance day-to-day operations. vii) accumulation period on credit sales The collection period should be as short as possible. Any deviation from established collection period should be promptly investigated. viii) Inventory to net working capital This ratio is to determine the extent of working capital tied up in inventory.Generally, this ratio should be less than 80 per cent, ix) Total debt to tangible net worth This ratio would determine the financial soundness of the business. This ratio should remain as low as possible. (d) Comparative statistical analysis The operations of one company c an be usefully compared with similar operations of another company or with industry averages. It is a very useful performance measuring device. (e) Personal observation Personal observation both formal and informal can be used in certain situation as a measuring device for performances, specially, the performance of the personnel.The informal observation is generally a day-to-day enactment type. A manager may walk through a store to have a general idea about how people are working. 3. comparison the actual performance with expected performance This is the active principle of the process. The previous two, setting the goals and the measurement format are the preparatory parts of the process. It is the responsibility of the management to compare the actual performance against the standards established. This comparison is less complicate if the measurement units for the standards et and the performance measured are the same and quantified. The comparison becomes more difficult when t hese bring subjective evaluations Ralph C. Davis identifies four phases in the comparison. 1. Receiving the raw data. 2. Accumulation, classification and recording of this information. 3. Periodic evaluation of completed action to date. 4. Reporting the status of accomplishment to higher line authority. At the third phase, deviations if any are noted between standards and performance. If clear cut deviations are there, then management must study the- (i) Causes for deviation ii) effectuate of deviation (iii) Size of deviation (iv) Positive or negative deviation. 4. Correcting Deviations The final element in the process is the taking corrective action. Measuring and comparing performance, espial shortcomings, failures or deviations, from plans will be of no avail if it does point to the needed corrective action. Thus dogmatic to be effective, should involve not only the maculation of lapses but also probe into the failure spots, fixation of responsibility for the failures at the right quarters, recommendation of the best possible teps to correct them. These corrective actions must be applied when the work is in progress. The primary objective should be avoidance of such failures in future. The required corrective action can be firm from the qualified data as per the standards laid out and the performance evaluation already done. This step should be taken promptly, otherwise losses may be cumulative and remedial action will be all the more difficult to take. Corrective action must be well balanced, avoiding over controlling and at the same time letting not things to drift.You May Also Like 3 Elements of an Organisation suggested by Allen 14 principles of management suggested by Fayol ad Free Subscription Top of Form picpic Do you want some more information on this topic? Enter your email id picpic Bottom of Form Do you like this site? If you enjoy reading PreserveArticles. com, please share this site with your friends.? 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Kishwar Naheed Essay

She conveys that wowork force were unwanted and were not c ard for. In particular female infants were seen as a financial commit to an Indian family as they were discriminated from working and were not allowed to have an education. Naheed emphasises that she felt as if she was in the family for no purpose. Male infants were seen as the family gaining prosperity, they were celebrated and it was a gift to be proud of. The opening of the stanza Brash with glass immediately tells the reviewer that this is a luxurious place or arrogant. The word Brash is ironic as it feces mean white faced.The harsh vowel of the assonance helps the reader to suggest the poets anger. The simile and alliteration of the phrase flaring like a peg conveys the idea that the restaurant asserts itself, tear down in its name. The word flag suggests that the people who set up a flag, have conquered someone elses land. This soaringlights the idea of when the whites steal the land of South Africa. Flaring sugge sts that the whites are bragging to the masses (blacks) about their superior lifestyle and it conveys Afrikas anger as this links to the image of light used earlier in stanza two anger of my eyes. The simile guard at the gatepost suggest that the restaurant is reserved exclusively for white people. The guards are jeopardise the masses (blacks. ) He explains that even though at that place is No sign displayed outside the whites only inn and Apartheid was supposed to be put to an end. The guard is replaced sooner of the sign as they block the masses (blacks) from entering the haute cuisine. Therefore, Afrika gives a clear image to the reader that Apartheid still exists.In I am not that cleaning lady Kishawar Naheed attempts to redefine the man-woman relationship and address the situation she faces in her everyday life of exploitation and oppression. It is illustrated in the words Now it is beat for me to flower free. The alliteration gives the moving-picture show that she want s to fight can and does not want to live restricted anymore. The words Now and free shows when she wants to redefine the man-woman relationship. Moreover, she explains how she wants to live like. Naheed wants a life with no restrictions and for custody and women to be treated equally.The message in the poem is that men and women are not always treated equally and how there is still sexism and discrimination. In particular, women are not dominated by men and men are treated with prestige and power. The poem helps her express her thoughts and feelings. Afrikas words are ambiguous we fill in where we belong. This perhaps emphasises that the masses (blacks) know that they are discriminated from entering the inn as there is a guard at the gate post. The use of the pronoun we emphasises that he believes that his personal identity belongs with the masses (blacks.) The single rose on severally table contrast with the working mans cafe. As a single rose symbolises high quality lifesty le or perfection. It could also mean the arrogant wealth that was amongst the mass poverty at the time. In the words My motherhood Naheed conveys that women were born to kick upstairs and care. On the other hand, the men in her society have stolen this substantial and amazing gift from them. Instead women are forced to be voiceless, obedient and were below the belt treated as servants due to the male dominance. My loyalty suggests that her husband and her father took away her loyalty and treated her unfairly.Naheed is aware that she has the right to achieve her loyalty again. In the fifth stanza the poet uses the words bunny chows to convey the masses (blacks) poor lifestyle in the working mans cafe. Bunny chows was cheap at the time and a common local snack of a poor mans hamburger it is a stark contrast with haute cuisine. In the restaurant there are plastic tables top, this suggests the poor lifestyle the masses had. The plastic tables top suggests that there is no tablecloth and they felt incomplete, abandon and it must have been uncomfortable to eat on.Wipe your fingers on your jeans gives the impression that there is nowhere to wash ones hands after have or a tissue to wipe hands. Afrika uses direct imagery to show the life of the masses (blacks. ) Kishwar suggests that women do not have self respect. This is evident in The woman on the poster half naked. Naheed is commenting on how men view women as objects or for sexual pleasure. She wants this view to change. The tone No, no I am not that woman emphasises that Naheed is not a woman who is obedient, subservient and does not want to avoid any leans or disagreements with anything the men verbalize.The repetition of no shows that she is accepted on her actions and healthyly disagrees with how many women in the Asian culture are living. Afrika uses the words boy again to show that the appearance of District six brings back memories of his childhood when the Apartheid system existed. He does not feel independent as he feels like a boy and believes he is following the whites like how a child is with their parents. Hands burn emphasises his anger against the system and his urge to destroy the symbol of segregation. Afrika repeats the title Nothings changed at the ending of the poem.He conveys that even though Apartheid has been Abolished, the masses (blacks) are still treated inferior. The final stanza shows his anger and disappointment of the economic division between the whites and the masses (blacks) and conveys that the society has not changed at all. The layout of Nothings changed is set out in eight short lines in each of the six stanzas. The layout creates a sense of control as he is clear on what he is feeling and no sudden rage is introduced at any point in the poem. His anger increases gradually within each line.The poet makes his argument straight forward by emphasising his feelings in a calm manner. In the first stanza the use of imagery makes the reader feel as i f they are in the poets shoes. This makes it clear and unaccented to imagine how life was like for Tatumkhulu Afrika. This is illustrated in the words Small round hard stones click under my heels. It makes it easy to imagine the masses (blacks) unpleasant and unfortunate lifestyle. The structure of I am not that woman is informal. The layout of the stanzas do not fit in a steadfast pattern and none of the words rhyme with each other.The free flowing structure shows how determined Naheed is about her argument. This conveys that null can change the way she is and nothing will hold her back. Even by the simple rules of poetry. It emphasises how infatuated she is towards emancipation. Furthermore, she is protesting about women having access to equal opportunities and rights as men and women should not be treated as if they are worthless or disempowered. It is seen in the words my loyalty. The tones between Nothings changed and I am not that woman are very different. Kishwar Naheed s tone in I am not that woman is very calm, but firm.Her steady tone conveys that she has control over what is being said by repeatedly claiming I not that woman. Tatumkhulu Afrikas tone contrasts compared to Naheeds. In Nothings changed the poet seems to be increasing his rage within each line as he sees more things that have not changed even though Apartheid was abolished. Moreover, he is feeling angry because he had not been to District six for many years. In-conclusion, I believe that Kishwar Naheed in I am not that woman argument is stronger as the poem relates more to her lifestyle, cultural beliefs and traditional values about what she has experienced as a woman herself.Naheed clearly explains that wants equality between men and women. Moreover, she does not want to live a typical lifestyle of an asian and leaves the reader in hope that there is a chance of change. However I believe that Tatumkhulu Afrika argument in Nothings changed. Is not as strong as Naheeds as he leave s the reader feeling helpless and has not attempted to change his lifestyle as much as Naheed has in nothings changed. Afrika has allowed the whites to treat the masses (blacks) unfairly because he was not as determined or eager as Naheed.He mainly on the dot agreed how nothings changed however, Naheed believes that no one can stop or change her views. This is why I strongly believe Naheedss argument is more effective. I believe that Naheeds argument will become more powerful if the majority of women did not accept the cultural beliefs of a pliant Asian housewife and they were all determined to fight for equality. By women taking action as a group by giving their views and speaking the men may realise that women are treated unfairly, and their lifestyle may change once they have taken action.

Windows 7 Check Your Understanding

Win7 Chapter 3Knowledge AssessmentFill in the Blank Complete the following sentences by writing the correct word or words in the blanks provided.1. An image bear down that contains an entire workstation grade, including all applications, packages, and configuration settings, is called a thick image.2. The two programs that make up the User State Migration Tool are called s supportstate. exe and loadstate. exe.3. A build-to-plan installation is unrivaled in which the installers capture a single image file and deploy it to each computer with no changes.4. Windows Deployment Services can reduce network bandwidth requirements musical composition deploying install images by using . wim files.5. Before you can modify an offline image file using DISM. exe, you must mount the image to a folder.6. To partition a disk using an answer file, you must add settings to the WindowsPE configuration pass.7. The Windows 7 AIK tool that you use to create answer files is called Windows System Image M anager (SIM).8. To eruption from an image transmitted over the network by a WDS server, a workstation must have a network adapter that supports Preboot Execution Environment (PXE).9. The deployment scenario in which you save a workstations user state data, wipe its disk, install Windows 7, and then restore the user state data is called the refresh computer scenario aka wipe and load.10. A capture image enables a workstation to boot from a disk and connect to a WDS server.True / False1. To perform a Windows 7 deployment using ZTI, you must have a SQL Server on your network. F2. To create a capture image, you use the Deployment Workbench console. T3. The Windows 7 AIK script files used to perform unattended installations are called task sequences. F4. You can use the boot images created by Deployment Workbench to start workstations using either boot disks or WDS. T5. The computer that you use to capture an image of a workstation configuration is called the target computer. F6. An LTI deployment provides greater flexibility than a ZTI deployment. T7. ImageX. exe is a command? line tool that you can use to capture and deploy image files. T8. To use the invoke computer scenario, a workstation must be running Windows XP SP2 or later. F9. Before you can capture an image of a Windows 7 workstation, you must run the Sysprep. exe program. T10. area? -based image files are spannable, editable, and bootable. FReviewQuestions 1. Describe the difference between an LTI and a ZTI deployment in terms of the activity at the target computer during the Windows 7 installation.LTI is lite stir deployment requires someone to sit there during installations and answer some questions where as ZTI is a zero touch installation is just that. The system installs without any one put in at the workstation to monitor it.2. List the five basic steps in an enterprise Windows 7 workstation deployment.Build a deployed sharePerform a beginning computer installationCapture an image of the ref erence computerBoot the target computersApply the reference computer image

Discretionary Benefits

A compevery providing products and services needs its human resources for its operations and directions. This is why human resources practitioners atomic number 18 always looking for ways to make sure that employees are rewarded amply for their performance while at the same epoch ensuring that the status of the caller-up finances is not jeopardized.The government protects the rights of employees for commensurate salary and compensation. This is why employees assimilate the right to join a trade union and carry off with employees about their salary and benefits. It is in the interest of businesses to deal with their employees in a fair and just manner. Otherwise, operations would be compromised. After all, an unhappy workforce would alike lead to less productivity and efficiency. In addition to the government-sanctioned salary and compensation scheme, there are also finenessary benefits that the union give have to purpose if they leave behind provide to the employees.Employ ee BenefitsThe benefits of employees may vary from employer to employer. They are non-cash benefits that employees enjoy during their term with the company on top of their salaries or wages. The most common forms of benefits are mathematical group insurance for life, alveolar or health check in catch protection, daycare, sick abandon, vacation leaves, retirement benefits, profit sharing, stock option, educational financial support and tuition reimbursement among others. These benefits are each provided by the employer or they are paid for by the employer. Employers provide these benefits to make the employees more economically secure.There are also other benefits that are left to the discretion of the employers. This may include providing company car, leisure activities and outdoor meetings, food and transportation allowance, stationery and more. There are several determinants and factors that companies consider when providing discretionary benefits. If they decide that they will provide discretionary benefits, they also need to establish what types of benefits they can offer without compromising the financial situation of the company.In the United States, these employee benefits come in the form of motility assistance, vision and dental plans, health care for dependents, pension plans, insurance, child care benefits, legal assistance, transportation benefits, discounts for shopping and resort accommodations, as well as wellness schedules. There may also be fringe benefits offered to employees. If this is the case, such benefits may be excluded from the total annual income of the employee, which means greater savings on income tax. bash benefits also tend to be seen as a cost to the company for keeping their employees within the company.The Importance of Non-wage BenefitsIn the early twentieth century, employees were not given any benefits beyond their salaries. With the economic developments in the United States such as the Great Depression and the World War II, the government and labor unions worked together in carry about non-wage benefits for the workers. Non-wage benefits have grown in the past decades and now accounts for 30% of the total labor costs of This trend helped create a piece of work and governingal culture that valued employees more and gave them what they needed (Marshall, 2003).Benefits given to employees are usually tax-deductible to the employer and are not taxable to employees. The exception would be the benefits for executives with access to benefits with very spirited amounts. In some cases, corporations in America may also offer the employee a set of benefits to take in from and the employee will choose which of the benefits will he military service of. This provides a flexible choice for the employee who may wish one type of benefit over another. The difficulty of implementing this, however, is that if employees chose different types of benefits, record-keeping would be more complicated.The benef its for employees may come in three forms (Martocchio, 2005).(1) One is the protection programs, which helps employees be protected from any illness and ensure their physical and economic security.(2) Benefits may also fall infra the pay for sequence not worked for, which includes vacation and sick leaves, as well as maternity and paternity leaves. Some companies even offer to pay the employees at the end of the year if they chose not to use up all of their leaves.(3) Lastly, there are also services, wherein the company offers to provide various services to the employees.Protection ProgramsThe income of employees is protected by the company in the form of disability insurance, life insurance and pension programs. Through this, the employees may feel economically secure and the assurance that part of the bullion provided by their employers is invested into their future. In case, they are declared as no longer fit to work, or that they may befall accidents directly or indirectly c olligate to work and if they choose to retire, they are covered by the protection policies of the company. health Protection is also an important aspect of protection programs. This may include health and dental insurance, enrolment into Health Maintenance Organizations or Preferred Provider Organizations, or self-funded plans. Pension plans are also important in ensuring the peace of mind of employees. This program is usually participated in by both employer and the employee. If and when the employee becomes unable to perform his or her job because of disability, the company cannot terminate his employment right away. Both short-term and semipermanent disabilities are considered by the employer (Martocchio, 2005).Health care programs for employees usually include fee-for-service, managed care, point of service and customer-driven health care. The cost of hospitalization is usually covered together with doctors fees, and other related expenses. If the employee pays own money, there is also a provision for reimbursement up to a certain amount. For some employers, HMOs may be a more or less costly approach because these are postpaid services. PPOs are being used by other companies because there is no prepaid service and the company pays for the actual fees related to the health care of an employee. Furthermore, physicians, clinics and hospitals must meet quality standards for them to be recommended.The introduction of flexible benefits for the employees can lead to a taller level of job satisfaction, which can also help improve the productivity and efficiency of the company (Barber, Dunham & Formisano, 2006). When employees feel that they are cared for by the company they are serving, they tend to appreciate that and they will in turn do their stovepipe in performing their jobs (Belous, 1989).Paid Time OffAn important aspect of non-wage benefits now is providing paid prison term off to workers. This helps maintain work-life balance among employees because th eir domestic lives also have an impact to their performance of their jobs. If employees were too loyal to their jobs at the expense of their family, they might not be able to perform effectively. Stress would settle in and a previous high performer may crumble under the weight of such focusing (Kossek & Lambert, 2005).The number of paid absences or leaves may be determined through the collective bargaining agreement between the labor union and management. When this has been settled, the employees then have to follow certain rules and procedures in the company to avail of this benefit. Pregnant women who want to give birth to their babies and nurse them are also given maternity leave of absence while a father whose wife is pregnant may also apply for a paternity leave. These schemes help communicate to the employee that their own in-person lives are important too and that the company is not only after the services that they can render.Paid time off also helps the members of an orga nization to redefine themselves and their companionship with the company and align their priorities and thoughts to the organization. Hence, it helps them take a break and think of what the work means to them (Ford & Locke, 2002). With a paid time off, the employees may have more time for themselves, for replenishing lost energies due to work and pause for a while and think about their jobs and how they can help kick in to the company for its growth and improvement.ServicesSome companies also authorise that they need to provide services to employees so that they will not have to pay for such services outside of the company. As such, the company can choose to provide such services for the convenience of employees and minimal distractions to the way they perform their duties.These services may be in the form of family assistance programs, or the company can also assist in the education of an employee or the dependents of an employee. When moving and relocating, an organization may also bear the costs of moving, especially if such pass is directly related to the job performed by the employee. Another popular service being offered by organizations is wellness program. The employees may enroll in a gymnasium or a fitness class for free or for a discount courtesy of the organization.Such wellness programs can help ensure that the employees are physically fit. This can help prevent incidences of heart attacks, hypertension and stress-related sickness. In the long run, this can reduce the health care costs of an organization. What is needed, however, is strong implementation and boost for employees to participate in such wellness program (Gebhardt & Crump, 1990).The convenience that employees will experience through the services being offered by the company will contribute to efficiency and savings in time and resources. Employees will also generate a stronger appreciation for the company and will foster a stronger sense of company loyalty in employees.Laws and L egislations Concerning Employee BenefitsThere are three major legislations governing the benefits of employees and the responsibilities of the employers The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974 Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) of 1985 and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).ERISA establishes the minimum standards and requirements of pension plans in the private sector. In addition to this, it also regulates the fringe benefits that employees receive such as disability insurance, medical and life insurance and most importantly, the pension of employees. The Act also monitors the reporting and divine revelation of employers concerning such fringe benefits as well as the funding and fiduciary responsibilities of both employers and employees.COBRA, on the other hand, prescribes that health care coverage be extended to 36 months. However, the cost may be as high as 102% of the premium of the insurance. If employers do not comply with this, the law also prescribes the penalty. Companies with less 20 employees, however, are exempted from COBRA, together with the federal government and churches.Lastly, HIPAA guarantees the health coverage of all employees. Should there be pre-existing conditions, HIPAA prescribes appropriate action and handling. Health development and privacy are also important concerns that is the reason why HIPAA regulates the transfer, the disclosure and the use of information given to health care practitioners for the purposes of health care delivery. HIPAA, however, has been a cause of contention regarding the responsible use of health care information (Wilson, 2006). Yet, it still helps ensure the protection of the rights of both employees and employers. These three legislations help define the rights of workers for their benefits and the responsibilities of employers to their employees. Non-compliance is punishable by the laws.ConclusionWith the increasing competition and global ization of the business environment, so will the needs and concerns of employees change. More and more demands and skills are needed. In addition to this, companies are hard put to retain their best employees because of the intense competition for excellent employees. As such, offering employee benefits will also change.Human resource personnel and the management need to device effective compensation and benefits scheme so as to attract the best and the brightest workers and retain the existing ones. The main concern, however, is making the employees secure physically and economically. If this were ensured, then they can perform their jobs better and they can contribute to the overall growth of the organization (Rosenbloom, 2001). By providing the three different types of benefits, employees can cultivate a deeper sense of company loyalty, which will redound to better employee retention and organizational performance. As the challenges of the workplace are addressed, the employers a nd the employee will enjoy better relationship and better organizational performance.

Environmental Justice In Central America Region: A Critical Perspective Essay

This newspaper presences to ripple a ab bulge the realities of life in the Central the States voice without withholding some(prenominal) justice about the situation in the country. The things that im set out be dealt with in this paper is re onlyy relevant in giving inquiries about how the economic and political intervention of superior countries put on the whole cash in stars chipss of the battalion in the Central the States country.Introduction Human needs do not only include the need to eat meals every twenty-four hour period. It likewise includes the right to live with dignity and self-reliance without the oppressive intervention of anformer(a)(prenominal) countries. deportment in the Central America country is just as simple as that of other trine domain countries, that ar known to be dieing in their status. People in that respect atomic total 18 excessively hoping for a peaceful, harmonious and progressive existence on earth. That is why citizenry be trying demanding to cope up with the changes in the environment brought out by the decisions made by man. The decisions that I am talking about has roughlything to do with the ability to commit to the preservation of intrinsic resources in the domain. Without the forget to strike preservation of inhering resources, the chthonianmentioned generation of the verbalize arena bewilder suffer after the antecedent generation lead harvest what nature has to give back. It is not debat fit that the people in the region are suffering through the years due to lack of giving importance of natural resources. thither may be different factors outside the imparting of the people, that has been considered as the typefaces of this event, but at some extent, it is unruffled the fight of the people that get out stop the environmental ab make function of in the region. The environment is no semipermanent subject fielding in line with mans needs but rather going against it.The state situation is very alarming that many scholars and authors like Roberts and Thanos who gave a very comprehensive and relevant blame and analysis of the situation in Central Ameri jakes region. This paper then, would be guided by the carriage how the two authors attacked the environmental injustice that occurred in the region under study. Basically, the needs of an individual al i entrust include food, shelter and clothing. These needs mustiness be provided to the person beca substance abuse it will serve as one factor on how he would live his life. The moment these needs are not achieved, the individual will suffer physically, as he would get sick due to lack of food, shelter and clothing. The individual will as well as suffer psychologically and emotionally as he would be disturbed on the bother of his situation. on that pointfore, gentleman needs must be met in all circumstances in life. In contact with that, it is humbly and respectfully submitted that, the necessit y of the development of tenacious-term and sustainable alternative yield mechanisms and the promotion that human needs must determine the distribution of food are the solutions to stop environmental crises and mendicancy in Central America region. Thus, politics and economics must not be the determinant factors or base in the distribution of food in the region, but human needs in universal.What has been the root cause of this submission? The authors of the harbour Trouble In Paradise, which are Roberts and Thanos perfectly pointed out the environmental problems in the Central America region which greatly bear upon the lives of the people and will surely affect the next generation. The book talks about Green Revolutions, De plantation, and untested Ideas, that are very much related with distributively other. Basically, it was pointed out in the article that the widespread adoption of pesticides and fertilizers as well as the rapid maturation of biotechnology and genetic see d manipulations altered the human conditions in the region. With that, there is a need to work hard inorder to solve the problem. The answer of the s facilitate changes and innovation in the tell region is the attainment of modernization and economic progress at the expense of the environmental or ecological balance. It must be stated that without the preservation of the environment, the economic progress that has been achieved will drive useless by the epoch floods, storms and other calamities will occur due to abuse in nature. deforestation has been do to be able to supply logging needs of other countries with the hope of gaining profits with the express import transaction without view that eventually, it will cause greater problems aside from poor economic condition. The problems of overpopulation, unequal distribution of wealth and land, as well as natural hazards occurred in the region affecting the lives of the people. If nothing will be through at the moment, the pro blem will conk worse and worse as the time handle to roll.environmental Justice in Central America Region Roberts and Thanos practically stated that, the aspires of the modernization of agriculture are to develop the third creative activity through United States aid projects, address poverty and economic doldrums as well as to create markets for United States products. Actually, there is something questionable on these purposes, as these has been the argue why many people are suffering in the Central America region. In the pretension of United States aid projects, the countries in the region are affected by the results of widespread modernization of agriculture. The of import reason why it should be do is to augment the food supply system in the region and to sell the awkward products surplus to other countries. But, the obliterates does not justifies the means, as the purpose was defeated in the long run. It is true that poverty is addressed in those ways, but there was no valid and diligent regard on how the movees will affect ecological balance in the region. What is more shocking is the very purpose of finding dumping grounds for the products produced by the Americans. The country tried to look for markets for their products by means of establishing connection with other countries, particularly third world countries through giving them numerous aid projects in return. The express underground purpose of the American nation is so oppressive and destructive that it should be stopped. Third world countries must be given their chance to govern their own economic and political development under environmental justice considerations. There were so many problems that occurred in the region due to the Green Revolution, that is the modernization of agriculture. First, the said modernization of agriculture was not introduced into a affectionate vacuum. The modern techniques for agricultural production was generally confined on the rich and affluent fam ilies that are connected with political leaders that they are well-nigh associated with.The poor and working tenants or the masses were not sensible of the said modern techniques. This is because the modern techniques of agricultural production is the vehicle for producing merchandise commodities. The local inhabitants were not taken into consideration as there will be no profits that can be taken from them. Their role in the situation is to locomote the working class as farmers and not to share with the fruits of their labor. Second, the situation reinforced and worsened the economic and loving divisions in the Central America region. The truth is, few of the elite landowners as well as wealthier youngster farmers and the poor are greatly divided as there was a great disparity of their income and friendly standing. The poor and working class, who were the people who caused the tremendous production of agricultural products were downgraded to wage laborer status alternatively of getting an appropriate share of the profits. Third, there was a terrible states of erosion and contamination. This slide byed because there was a somber and heavy reliance on agrochemicals that created ecological damages. Merriam- Webster On line Dictionary but boundd agrochemicals as those belonging to handle or soil (Agrochemicals). Practically, agrochemicals were used to control the presence of pests in the agricultural fields worldwide to be able to prevent it from destroying the crops. However, this solution to the problem was not really effective and there was no difference on the results when agrochemicals are used compared to its lack of use. Roberts and Thanos declared in their work that, pests continue to destruct around 37% of the worlds agricultural products and compared to the time before the modernization of agriculture, pests as well as caused the loss of 34-40% of all the global agricultural production (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70). Thus, due to the ine ffectiveness of the use of agrochemicals, the environment was affected and the ecology with all its living things suffered mental unsoundness. Now, what are other effects of this destructive practice in estate? What about the share of political agenda on this matter? Was it fair for the people in general? Unfortunately, the answers of these questions were vague and we need to seriously deal with this. Roberts and Thanos correctly commented that, in the political arena, what happened was that, agricultural inputs such as seeds and machinery that are exported from wealthy countries are veryexpensive but agricultural products are change chinchy (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70). This means that aside from the environmental injustice that was brought by the use of agrochemicals, there was also an economic seediness that was start out by those farmers who worked hard to savings bank the land that may be owned by them or by rich large landowners. What is worse is the fact that, ther e was a finding that pesticide poisonings known as nemoticide caused infertility in male laborers. This product was actually banned in the United States but was dumped or sold in the Central America region (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70). The product was obviously banned due to its forbid effects in the health of the person. The farm workers who will be affected in the said pesticide will surely suffer. Besides, regulatory agencies and United States manufacturers were aware of the danger of pesticide use but there was no alimony on the matter as long as profits can be taken from the export of pesticide activities (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70). The dumping ground of this product are the third world countries of which are trying hard to mend their agricultural production for economic advancement.Then, the third world countries are easy prey to the deception that was done in terms of exporting dangerous nemoticide chemical. In order to facilitate the export of these restricte d pesticide products, the corresponding were illegally shipped to third world countries without warning labels of its cast out effect in their consumption pertaining to agricultural production (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70). In addition to that, Roberts and Thanos also pointed out that, the said dangerous chemical can also affect women and children (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70).Going back to the scenario wherein the other poor and working peasants became the workers of the large lands to produceexport commodities, there were many negative effects it would bring to them in particular. The owners of these farms only raked profits of the production but little did they know that the farmers who worked in the farm experienced health problems in the process. Women and children can be seen in the farm helping in the production process. The children, young as they were, would help in harvesting the export commodities produced in the fields. Women also work, in addition to the activ ities they are confined with in their homes. In line with these, Pan International said that, concise term economic interests greatly affects policy-making (Dangerous Pesticide occasion In Central America-Wanted A New Approach, 2001, p. 1). The said interests of producers of those export commodities and the pesticide industry have prevailed over concerns of public health (Dangerous Pesticide office In Central America-Wanted A New Approach, 2001, p.1). This was really a sad report and very unfair for that matter. Another thing is that, theres was a directive to use pesticides safely but by all means use pesticides in the agricultural production (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70). Yet, the assurance was repeated by pesticide producers and backed up by scientific studies which was paying(a) for and done by pesticide companies themselves (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70).That was also a parapraxis of utter deception. It was pointed out by Pan International that, pesticides are hazar dous technology when used under conditions that cannot give a minimum of safety, and they have negative effects in the workers health (Dangerous Pesticide Use In Central America-Wanted A New Approach, 2001, p.1). The truth is, this is incompatible with principles of sustainable development. Global alliance defined sustainable development as the sound balance among the interactions designed to make a sanitary economic growth, preserve environmental quality, make a wise decision on our resources and enhance social benefits (Definition of Sustainable Development).Another thing that was done by companies to produce export commodities was the biotechnology industry. Roberts and Thanos explained that, many seed and biotechnology companies was bought by chemical producers who made species resistant to their own herbicides, so that other ingrafts will die magical spell only the modified species continues to grow after application of weed killers(Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70). This pr ocess will also destroy ecological balance as it will eventually make other living things extinct. Moreover, the University of Texas Press also pointed out that, economic reform or liberalization in Latin America generally included the eradication of protectionist rules, the employability of international markets by decreasing tariffs and quotas, the privatization and or disbanding of disposal corporations for rural credit, infrastructure, commercialization and technical assistance, the end or even reversal of land reform rules and regulations and the radicalization or reorientation of food policies pointed on the internal market toward an export-based agricultural economy (Food For The fewer liberal Globalism and Biotechnology in Latin America, 2008, p. 1).The effects on this pattern was directed to the constituents of the third world countries, particularly the Central America region. Aside from that, the University Press presented the fact that, many people are excluded as pr oducers by the new agricultural policies and technologies (Food For The Few neoliberal Globalism and Biotechnology in Latin America, 2008, p. 1). Furthermore, the ranks of the unemployed was join ond due to this phenomenon and peasant farmers were made as wage workers (Food For The Few Neoliberal Globalism and Biotechnology in Latin America, 2008, p. 1). The sad thing is that, third world counties possess the largest plant biological diversity on earth, as well as the largest problems of soil depletion and environmental problems (Food For The Few Neoliberal Globalism and Biotechnology in Latin America, 2008, p. 1). The injustice that we knew through this fact is very unmixed and degrading on the part of developing countries that for so long, they were deceived and used by oppressive rules and polices. This time, we will be informed of the effects of deforestation due to the efforts of agricultural modernization of countries. But before that, it is wise to define first the term mod ernization. Global Change defined deforestation, as the conversion of forest to some other use or the long- term decrease of the tree canopy to include below a 10% threshold ( deforestation).It also implies the long-term or permanent loss of forest cover and its transformation into another land use (Deforestation). Some of the activities that are very much related to deforestation are forest illumination, degradation and fragmentation by means of tone harvest, conversion to agricultural road build and human-caused fire (Deforestation). Merriam-Webster also simply defined deforestation, as the action or process of clearing of forests, the state of having been cleared of forests (Deforestation). Roberts and Thanos mentioned that, rich countries are considered consumers of forest timber and they contribute to deforestation in a large capacity (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 77). The regular harvest of timber products without replacing them was exported to wealthy nations for their u se. The Central America region is rich in its timber products resources and it follows that many of its forests were victims of rampant deforestation. Aside from that, each generational increase in human numbers places additional demands on land and natural resources (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 77). The people will abscission more and more trees and clear the forest fro them to have additional place to live and land to till for survival. Those who are poor and cannot afford a land for their own, will be forced to go to the countryside to live.They would develop the forest area on their own way and live there with their extending families. As a result, in the Central America region, the forest was in the edge of disaster due to deforestation (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 77). The living things that can be found in the area will loose its place to live. As a result, they would become extinct in the long run. Extinction of living things in the ecosystem will cause ecological imbalan ce affecting the entire place. Ecological imbalance will affect farming activities that will cause deficit in the production of food resources. There are examples of forest in the Central America region that is known for its rich biodiversity features and natural resources. In Mexico, for instance, the forest named as Lacondona Forest was known for its rich natural resources and wide area (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 78). Also, in Costa Rica their forests was famous for being full of bird species larger in numbers compared to other countries with the similar land area.This fact is good to know but was break up by the fact that these forests has been used to produce timber products for export purposes without doubling its reforestation activities. It is alarming to note that trees were stripe in these areas without giving much effort in replacing those trees that had been cut. The soil erosion is common in areas were tress are always cut and were forest were cleared. That would cause flood and storms that will affect the people living in the area. If there will be more floods in these areas, the lives of the people will be displaced. Many will die and get sick for that matter. In line with that, Roberts and Thanos practically mentioned that, there were some research pertaining to this matter speaking that, when there is environmental degradation, social inequality increases (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 78). As the natural resources become depleted, the rich nations will find more places to exploit al well-nigh destroying all forests, while the poor ones will eventually loose its home. More people will loose their jobs and others will continue working with timber companies having a low wage. Children will suffer from likewise much hunger and their development as a child will be affected.The women in the families will live in spite of appearance their means that is already too small for their families to survive. Their families will suffer diseases brough t by famine and natural disasters while the rich ones continue to live substantially. This social inequality had exists in the region for so many years and will continue to happen if the environmental problems will not be given priority for solutions. While the rich countries are the most benefited by the natural resources production of developing countries, they should be aware that if they will continue to do this practice, they would also be eventually affected because we are just living in the same planet. With that, Roberts and Thanos pointed out that, transnational groups such as the World Wide life Fund, Conservation International and Nature Conservancy intended to give assistance and funding to countries that were politically open and where there were already active local conservation groups (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 78). Now, what is the rationale for this one?Why is it necessary for the wealthy countries to select only those politically open nations to extend aid proj ects?That was very alarming and it means injustice. Admittedly, it could be logically said that wealthy countries would give help in the guise of financial aid for reforestation projects to get something in return. They like those nations who could give them favor while they extend funding to them. As such, the developing countries will believe with them because of the hope that they could use the extended or sponsored reforestation to rehabilitate their already destroyed forests. Yet, these purpose actually cause so many problems involving the same people who live in the areas where forests are rehabilitated to some extent by foreign aid projects. In line with that, Roberts and Thanos were aware that, forest-dwelling individuals were relocated out of the protected areas and treated as poaches if they continued to harvest raise wood, wildlife, medicines or other forest resources that had sustained them for generations Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 79). It would be unfair for this pe ople who are the most carrier of rights to live in the area knowing that they can no longer survive to live in the cities. Their only resort is to live in the forest and depend on the natural resources that they could get there. These natural resources are the only things that they could afford because they do not have the money to afford things that are sold in the city like medicines, foods and even clothing. For so long, they were so dependent on the produce of the forest for food for their families to survive. Thus, any attempt to deprive them of the right to take resources in the forest and to live there give them no choice but to rebel. It is ironic that the people who occupied and called the lands their owned were not allowed to use the same for their benefits. Then, it was absurd to rehabilitate forests when the supposed to be recipients are driven away. While it is true that there was a peasant- administered conservation reforestation projects, the same was not reasonable and fair. Roberts and Thanos confided with this respect that, large landowners were reportedly paid up seven times more than small landholders and squatters were paid less Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 79). The said disparity in payment is not acceptable in a society that loves freedom and self-reliance. That was an example of economic and environmental injustice to the prejudice of the people in the Central America region. However, no matter how unfair the situation may be, as long as it can contribute to the rehabilitation of the forests, then it would be okay. The silk hat thing that should be done is fight for the rights that is accorded to an individual so that injustice will not prevail. Yet, how said it is to say this, that if we succeed in saving an ecosystem but lose the people that are a part of it, what have we really won? No matter how we try to save the environment when the people are no longer surviving, it will be useless. One solution to the problem is the introducti on of ecotourism. This term was simply defined by the American Heritage Dictionary of the American Language as, a tourism involving displace to places of natural or ecological interest, typically under the guidance of a naturalist, for the purpose of observing wildlife and encyclopaedism about the environment (Definition of Ecotourism). This means that, there were groups of people who are holding projects in this purpose for governmental profits or purposes and sometimes aided by foreign funding. Tourists are the frequent visitors of places that are placed as ecotourism business and only few of the domestic people who availed of the said services. These people who avail services under ecotourism pay an indigenous community, government agency, or even private establishment to let them experience nature (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 80). They would really enjoy the adventure as the forests in the Central America region are beautiful places to visit with and that it was known for its rich biodiversity and ecological resources. Actually, the visitors will also be informed of the importance of ecological imbalance. However, environmentally benign projects, like observing or feeding wildlife, can be incredibly disruptive when repeated by flocks of ecotourists everyday, or even several times a day (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 80). That means the living things that are preserved in ecological preservation projects are preserved to last as pointed out by Roberts and Thanos (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 80).For instance, if there were many birds in the area for ecotourists, these species of birds will be disrupted by the constant presence of people who will sometimes feed them improperly. Besides, due to the increase of the number of tourists in the area, it could be possible that building other infrastructure within the area for commercial purposes could happen. The aim of preserving the ecology would become useless if this thing would occur. At this juncture, it i s expected that we will be informed of the argumentative globalization touching the take of international law, treaties, green labeling and human rights. This is a very important topic since it talks about the dynamics of the environmental problems in the Central America region. According to Roberts and Thanos, Justice Lloyd Doggetts decision to allow the suit in a Texas court was a pivotal step in the international struggle to make transnational corporations more accountable to their employees (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 81). This a practical solution to end utter oppression in the region leaving the indigenous inhabitants nothing in their hands as if their lives depends upon the whims and caprices of these transnational corporations. In connection with that,this was considered an international struggle because the problem is not only existent in the Central America region but also in other third world countries. The said case proposed that, the principal determinants in the ca se were political, economic and social factors-not technical or procedural factors as claimed by Dow and Shell (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 80). If the principal determinants of the case would be technical and procedural factors, the rationale that was built within the law used as the basis for rendering decision will be put to nothing. There was a very strong argument that is connected of the case given as an example on how international law would come to the rescue concerning international struggle for environmental injustice. If we could remember the cases of laborers who are victims of sterility due to the dangerous chemical nemoticide produced by Dow and Shell Companies, thousands of farmers filed cases against them asking for damages (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 71).In line with that, the pronouncement of profit interests as well as control over information and technology by the manufacturers who secret early toxicological research evidence of the reproductive hazards and by the managers of the banana producer-companies influenced and ultimately determined the case (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 81). Profit-oriented companies do not wish well with the health of the people and instead refuse to disclose the danger of said chemicals early on so that the peasants could prepare and be warned of its ill effects. There were so many people who fought to solve these problems in the region. Many people also fall as victims of human rights violations as they overdone their struggles. Some died for that matter. With that, Roberts and Thanos wrote that, the deaths of these people gives us an idea that we must turn our focus to the social and political underpinnings of violence. It was so sad that individuals needed to shed blood in order to defend their own lands. For example, Sign On San Diego pointed out that, a leading human rights group said that, it had lost its faith in Mexicos legal system and would take is efforts to clear the names of two celebrated ant i-logging activists to an international tribunal (Mexican Rights Groups Says It Will Take Environmentalists Case To International Court, 2002, p. 1). Finally, alternative production mechanisms should be done by the people in their own efforts with the assistance of their governments in the region. The organic food production was tried wherein the use of pesticides was lessened to some extent. However, Roberts and Thanos reported that only a few profit will go to the deal farmer and the rest of the fruit of his labor will go to the seeds producer, fertilizer companies and others (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 81). Fair trade efforts was also done wherein farmers were paid a fair amount or living wage on their exported products. oddment The destruction of the environment will result to the suffering of the people. It will create a dilemma that will haunt them as pervasive as to the next generation. That is why it is necessary to take good care of the ecological balance of nature. Defo restation must be stopped and reforestation must be done double time. This is because according to the Rotarian Fellowship for Population and Development, deforestation contributes to soil erosion, scarcity of water, and climate changes (Population and Deforestation in Central America).Aside from that, three fourths of Central America is hilly or rough and that when it would be stripped with cover and the trees would be cut, it would unable to hold water and soil (Population and Deforestation in Central America). As a result, the destruction from Hurricane Mitch was seriously caused by the deforestation because of overpopulation in the region. It is also concluded that, the environmental preservation projects that was made in the forests of the Central America region was not sustainable because it could disrupt the existence of living things in places made and intended for ecotourism. The purpose of preserving the wild animals and plants will be defeated of the constant presence of visitors and adventurers in the area. Thus, environmentally-benign projects are indeed not sustainable. Finally, we should learn lessons from this paper since it has something to do with our survival and the future of the next generation. We must admit that all things are interconnected that any destruction done in the other side of the globe would affect us in one way or another. The realization that the environment is the common factor that would help us solve poverty is evident and we should not discard the idea. It may be true that wealthy nations will live comfortably because of the wealth that was taken from deforestation and inappropriate farming methods, but time will come that they would experience calamities as a result of the ecological abuse. Therefore, all of us must unite in preserving the frail planet in which all of us are housed.ReferencesGlobal Change. (2008). Global Deforestation. Retrieved work on 23, 2008, from http//www.globalchange.umich.edu/global/change 2/ original/lectures/deforest/deforest.html.Global Community. (2008). Definition of Sustainable Development. Retrieved demonstrate 23, 2008 from http//globalcommunitywebnet.com/globalcommunity/definitionsustainabledevelopment.htmMerriam-Webster Online Dictionary.(2008). Agrochemicals. Retrieved environ 23, 2008, from http//www.merriam-webster.com/mental lexicon/agrochemicals.Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. (2008). Deforestation. Retrieved March 23, 2008, from http//www.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/dictionary&book=dictionary&va=deforestation.Pan International Website. ( December 2001). Dangerous Pesticide Use In Central America- WantedA New Approach. Retrieved March 23, 2008 from http//www.pomuk.org/pestnews/ issue/pn54p.12.htmRoberts, J. T. and Thanos, N. D. (2003). Trouble In Paradise. USA Routledge.Rotarian Fellowship for Population and Development. (2008). Population and Deforestation Central America. Retrieved March 23, 2008, from http//www.rifpd.org/overview/predicaments /enviroment/deforestation/deforestation.html.Sign On San Diego. (21 August 2002). Mexican Rights Group Says That It Will Take EnvironmentalistsCase To International Court. Retrieved March 23, 2008, from http//www.signonsandiego.com/news/mexico/20020821-1356-mexico-humanrights.html.The American Heritage Dictionary of American Language. (2000). Definition of Ecotourism. 20 Retrieved March 23, 2008, from http//education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/ ecotourism.University of Texas Press. (2008). Food For The Few Neoliberal Globalism and Biotechnology in Latin America. Retrieved March 23, 2008, from http//www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/ exotefoo.html.

Healthcare Analysis Essay

1. Differentiate among the terminations strategical management,strategic thinking, strategic planning, and managing strategic momentum. Which of these activities is most important in a healthcargon organization and why? ANSstrategic management consists of the analysis, decisions, and actions an organization undertakes in order to piss and sustain competitive advantages. strategic management is relate with the analysis of strategic goals (vision, mission, and strategic objectives) along with the analysis of the internal and external environment of the organization. Next, leaders essential make strategic decisions.These decisions, broadly speaking, address two basic questions What industries should we compete in?How should we compete in those industries? These questions also often involve an organizations domestic as intumesce as its internationalist operations. And last are the actions that must be taken. Decisions are of little use, of course, unless they are acted on. Firms m ust take the prerequisite actions to implement their strategies. This requires leaders to allocate the necessary resources.strategic thinking is considered a key thought fulfil of strategic management framework is defined as the generation and application of unique business insights and opportunities, to create competitive advantage for a firm or organisation. It suffer be done individually, as well as collaboratively among key people who backside positively alter an organisations future. Group strategic thinking create more value by enabling a proactive and creative dialogue, where we exculpate other peoples perspectives on critical and complex issues which is an important benefit in straight offs highly competitive and fast-changing business landscape.Strategic planning is an organizations process of shaping its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy. In order to determine the direction of the organization, it is nece ssary to find its current position and the possible avenues through which it can pursue a particular course of action. Generally, strategic planning deals with several key questions like1 What do we do?2 For whom do we do it?3 How do we excel?Strategic momentum is the tendency to maintain or expand the focus and direction of prior strategic actions in current strategic behaviour. The most important role as leader of an organization is strategy. The best way to sustain the momentum is by following the guidelines of the Essentials for Successfully Implementing the Strategic Plan and to continue to deploy the small group of people who share the vision and are industrious in helping you implement it. According to me strategic management is the most important activity in a healthcare organization, because a well-formulated strategy can bring various benefits to the organization in bring in as well as in future. 1 Strategic management takes into account the future and anticipates for it.2 A strategy is made on rational and logical manner, thus its efficiency and its success are ensured. 3 Strategic management reduces frustration because it has been planned in such a way that it follows a procedure. 4 It brings growth in the organization because it seeks opportunities. 5 With strategic management organizations can avoid helter & skelter and they can work directionally. 6 Strategic management also adds to the reputation of the organization because of consistency that results from organizations success.7 practically organizations draw to a close because of lack of proper strategy to run it. With strategic management organizations can foresee the events in future and thats why they can remain stable in the market. 8 Strategic management looks at the threats present in the external environment and thus organizations can both work to get rid of them or else neutralizes the threats in such a way that they become an probability for their success. 9 Strategic managem ent focuses on proactive approach which enables organization to grasp every opportunity that is available in the market.2. List, describe, differentiate, and provide examples of the different trains of strategic management. ANS1 corporeal level2 Divisional level3 organizational level4 social unit levelCorporate level strategies addresses questions like,what business should we be in.? For example if we take Trinity, what business should we do..? Health care, including hospitals, long term care units, hospices etc. The other question would be what other options should Trinity consider like genial health centers.Divisional level strategies are more focused and provide direction for a unity business type. For Example Trinity Health, strategies must be substantial for separately for hospital division, out longanimous units, hospice care etc.. how many hospitals are optional .. or what markets are available for new chain of hospitals. Organizational level Strategies includes strateg ies made at an individual organizational level like each hospital in Trinitys hospital division may develop their own strategies depending upon the present market conditions.Unit level Strategies support organizational strategies through accomplishing various objectives. Unit operational strategies may be developed within departments of an organizations like a hospital with different units, example Medicine department, Surgery unit or paediatric unit etc