English speech legalising marijuana for medical reasons Essay Example for Free

English speech legalising marijuana for medical reasons Essay Everyone has probably heard something about the marijuana argument, where the drug is being used to help with pain relief for cancer patients and in certain cases can assist in saving lives. If you haven’t heard, two thirds of the Australian population support legalising marijuana for medicinal purposes, others feel as though it shouldn’t be legalised because it has a negative effect on the user’s actions. If medical marijuana was any other drug it would be formally assessed by the medical profession, but as the public is so highly opinionated this has not occurred. We all know that alcohol is a toxic substance for the body and it’s legal but marijuana is a natural substance and it is not legal!! Marijuana oil has properties for helping with pain relief for a range of different conditions. Back in the 1950’s scientists produced research which showed that smoking marijuana reduced nausea and pain, making it highly effective in treating a range of conditions. Marijuana in its medicinal form is distributed as an oil which is used in food preparations. Take away the perception of the drug as people sitting around getting high on marijuana and think about it as an alternative medical pain relief. I do not support marijuana as a recreation drug however, I support marijuana for medicinal purposes. Everyone assumes that all forms of marijuana are detrimental to your health and wellbeing and many people are unaware of the drugs medicinal values. With this lack of understanding many people have a negative view towards medical marijuana. Everyone assumes marijuana to be bad and a gateway drug as it is highly publicied and many people are very unfamiliar with it. Marijuana is widely used in the manner quite similar to alcohol and is extremely toxic more addictive and harmful to the body; which can result in injuries and can lead to social violence. People die from alcohol overdose, alcohol poisoning and can end up with serious brain damage. Along with alcohol, marijuana has a significant effect on the community, which influences 30% of our population to neither believe, nor support the usage for medical marijuana. Medical marijuana studies have shown that marijuana is neuroprotective which means it works to protect brain cells from harm. As a legal drug doctors would need to prescribe medical marijuana to terminally ill people to reduce their pain, suffering and saving lives. Charotte Figi’s story demonstrates the benefits of medical marijuana. In 2006 Charlotte Figi suffered severely from untreatable epilepsy. By the time she was two her parents had tried all medications in the attempt to cure her epilepsy. Her seizures started off by lasting 30 minutes when she was only 3 months old, the more frequently they became the longer they lasted, some lasting two to four hours. Doctors kept telling Mr and Mrs Figi that she would grow out of it, but she didn’t grow out of it. Mrs Figi said that when charlotte got to the age of 2 it was obvious to her that she was slipping away. In 2000 Colorado voters approved a setup of medical marijuana registry program. The Figi’s daughter had been diagnosed with Dravet syndrome which is a rare form of intractable epilepsy therefore the seizures being uncontrollable. Charlotte lost the ability to walk, talk and eat and had 300 seizures a week. Charlotte’s heart had stopped a number of time and doctors even suggested they put her little body to rest in an induced coma. Her parents did not give up on her and by the time she was 5 her parents learned that the hospital could do nothing more. Charlotte was the youngest patient in the state to ever apply to the use of marijuana but it saved her life. Her seizures almost stopped instantly, Charlotte didn’t have seizures 3 to 4 times in the hour after she had taken the oil, and everyone thought it was a coincidence, they waited another hour and nothing. Charlotte is now takes marijuana oil twice a day in her food, she can now ride a bike, feed herself and talking more and more each day. The Figi’s would not have been able to give medical marijuana had Colorado not have had legalised medical marijuana. If you were in the position of this family wouldn’t you have done the same thing? We should support the legalising of marijuana for medicinal purposes not for recreation use for the reason that the drug is saving lives and helping people though severe pain. It has been proven to help the brain fight off harmful cells and reduces pain and suffering. If you had a child, brother or sister that was suffering from a terminal disease would you not want to have access to medicinal marijuana oil By not legalising the drug for medicinal purposes, more lives are at risk every day. Bibliography Drug Policy Alliance, (2015). How Did Marijuana Become Illegal in the First Place?. [online] Available at: http://www.drugpolicy.org/blog/how-did-marijuana-become-illegal-first-place [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Drugwarrant.com, (2015). Drug WarRant. [online] Available at: http://www.drugwarrant.com/articles/why-is-marijuana-illegal/ [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Saundra Young, C. (2015). Marijuana stops childs severe seizures CNN.com. [online] CNN. Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/07/health/charlotte-child-medical-marijuana/ [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Webmd.com, (2015). Medical Marijuana Treatment Uses and How It Works. [online] Available at: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/features/medical-marijuana-uses [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Drug Policy Alliance, (2015). How Did Marijuana Become Illegal in the First Place?. [online] Available at: http://www.drugpolicy.org/blog/how-did-marijuana-become-illegal-first-place [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015].

The Importance of Credit Risk Management in Banking

The Importance of Credit Risk Management in Banking Credit risk implies a potential risk that the counterparty of a loan agreement is likely to fail to meet its obligations as per the original loan agreement, and may eventually default on the obligation. Credit risks can be classified into many forms such as options , equities , mutual funds , bonds , loans and other financial issues as well , which in extensions of guarantees and the settlement of these transactions. (International Auditing Practice Statement 1006 Audits of the Financial Statements of Banks) IS IT Important For the Banks To manage Their Credit Risks ? Risk is always associated with the banking activities, and taking risk is the important part of any banking operation, there is hardly any banking operation without the risk. Most of the bankers are said to be sound when they have a clear overview of what is the amount of risk involved in the current transaction and they make sure that some of the partly earnings are therefore kept for these risks. The granting of any form of credit is the common form for any bank and this risk is very common and this is the source of risks the banks are always exposed to. (Anderson et al, 2001). By being exposed to credit risk banks have been faced with a lot of problems. The banks couple of years ago realised that credit risk is important and the banks need to monitor, identify, control and measure it is very significant. Due to this the effective management of credit risk has become a critical component of approaching risk management. This approach will be especially important in terms of the long term success of any bank. Banks now ensure that they have large amount of capital against any form of credit risks so that they can be in a position to adequately tackle any risks which will be incurred. (Bank for International Settlement, 1999) The credit risk is in the entire portfolio of any bank and also the risk which is associated in individual credits or any other transactions have to be managed adequately. It is always a ascertained that the relationship between the credit risk and other forms of risks need be to considered very seriously in to account, in order to Increase shareholder value through value creation, value preservation and value optimization Increase confidence in the market place Alleviate regulatory constraints and distortions (Amitabh Bhargava ICICI, 2000) The Basel II Accord specifies that banks must have new procedures for measuring against credit risks. Advantages and Disadvantages of Credit Risk Management The advantages of Credit risk management include: Credit risk management allows predicting and forecasting and also measuring the potential risk factor in any transaction. The banks management can also make use of certain credit models which can act as a valuable tool which can be used to determine the level of lending measuring the risk. It is always better to have some alternative techniques and strategies for transferring credit, pricing and hedging options. The disadvantages of Credit risk management include: Deciding on how good a risk you are cannot be entirely scientific, so the bank must also use judgments. Cost and Control associated with operating a credit scoring system. With the existence of different models, it?s hard to decide which to use, more often than not, companies will take a one model fits all approach to credit risk, which can result in wrong decisions. How Banks Measure Credit Risk The level of credit risk faced by a bank is provided by the structure of a bank?s credit portfolio. If the portfolio consists of large amount of loans in a certain asset class then this might be an indication of an increased risk. Similarly the presence of complex financial transactions such as lending may also indicate a larger risk. In general a risk always comprises of two kinds: One is risk exposure and the other one is the uncertainty element, and for the credit risk and the credit quality represents the uncertainty element and credit exposure represents risk exposure. Therefore a bank can assess its credit risk by analysing the credit quality of an obligation and its credit exposure. While assessing credit quality and exposure a bank must consider three issues: Probability of default or any sort of possibility whether the other party which is the counter party will default on the obligation either over the life of the obligation over a specific period of time. The exposure of credit or the amount of the outstanding obligation which again depends on the size if there is any case of default. Rate of recovery this is the extent towards which the credit can be recovered through some banking processes like bankruptcy and other proceedings of settlements. In the last decade or so many banks have started to make use of models in order to assess the risks for their credit which they lend. The credit risk models are very complex and include algorithm based methods of assessing credit risk. The aim of such model is to help banks in quantifying, aggregating and managing credit risk. Despite the method the focus of credit risk assessment stays credit quality and risk exposure. Analysis of the Quality of Credit (Credit Quality) Credit quality is a measure of the that counterparties?s ability to perform on that obligation?. (Contingency Analysis, 2003) A bank adopts different approaches for assessing credit quality of considering loans to individuals or businesses. If it is for small businesses then the credit quality will be assessed through a process of credit scoring. This is based on information obtained by the bank about the party who want the loan. The information which is gathered tends to be about annual income, existing debts etc. Credit score is generally calculated by a formula which is applied to the information which is obtained which gives a number based on it the score is generated. The credit score is a highly accurate prediction of how likely the party is to pay bills, the higher the score the better it looks to the bank. (Curry, 2007) However, assessing a large party is based on credit analysis of the loan done by specially designated credit analysts. This just like mention above is base on credit scoring but it involves human judgement. It involves an in depth analysis of various aspect of the party in question including balance sheet, income statement etc. Also assessing the nature of the obligation is taken into account as well. On basis of credit analysis the analyst assigns that party a credit rating. This allows the bank to make decisions regarding credit. A bank can also use credit ratings to measure the share of the borrowers with creditworthiness in its portfolio and get a clear indication of default risk. Measuring Credit Exposure Credit exposure also needs to be taken into account when assessing credit risk or risk exposure. If for example a bank has loaned money to a business, the bank may calculate the credit exposure rate as the outstanding balance on the loan amount. However, in case if the bank by any chance has increased or extended the line of credit but none of the line have been drawn down then the approach will be different. In this case the risk exposure may seem to be nil, but it does not reflect any sort of right by itself to draw down the line of credit. If the firm gets into any financial difficulty it can be expected to draw on the credit line before any bankruptcy. Therefore in this case the bank may consider its credit exposure to be equal to the line of the credit. Credit exposure as a fraction can also be used sometimes to calculate the credit exposure for the total line of credit. (Duffie Singleton, 2003) How Banks Mange Their Credit Risk Credit risk management practices differ from bank to bank. Generally these type of practices are dependent on the type and complexity of the credit activities which are taken by the banks. In recent years banks have been using models for credit risk management. Bank Credit Risk Management Practices: Yesterday and Today The traditional approach to managing credit risk has been based on establishing a limit of credit at various levels for the individual borrowers an sometimes also based on geographical are and industry type. Also collateral and relationship exiting hardly seem adequate to cope with the declining economics of loan markets. (Gontarek, 1999) These limits specify the maximum exposures a bank is willing to take. Until the early 1990?s , credit risk analysis was limited only based on the reviews of the loans of individuals and most of the banks kept the loans on their books for maturity. (Bernanke, 2006) In recent years banking industry has made strides in managing credit risk. Managing the credit risks is the main focus of any banking operation these days and many banking?s are looking now from transaction management to portfolio management. And have slowly changed from monitoring to practising and also predicting their performance. Banks are still holding onto traditional credit risk management tools but these are becoming more and more sophisticated. Various forms of tools and models have been generated to measure and predict the performance and management of portfolio risks which in turn build competitive advantage. Despite the differences in the credit risk management practices the credit risk management in any bank rest on four pillar of: appropriate credit risk environment Sound credit-granting process or criteria that includes a clear indication of the bank?s target market Appropriate credit administration, measurement and monitoring process Adequate controls over credit risk. (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, 2000) Therefore whether traditional or modern, credit risk management in banks involves reviewing creditworthiness of counterparties, setting credit limits for counterparties, evaluation of credit risk and reporting credit limits and exposures to management. (Caouette et al, 1998) Recent Trends in Credit Risk Management by Banks The credit risk management is undergoing an important change in the banking industry. Banks have clearly indicated that centralization, standardization, consolidation, timeliness, active portfolio management and efficient tools for exposures are the key best practice in credit risk management. (SAS, 2004) A bank in America is considering having efficient tools for ?what if? analysis and tools. Also another bank is focusing on stress testing, concentration risk, macro-hedges and capital market risk management. (SAS, 2004) The majority of the world?s large banks agree that integrating environmental and broader social issues into their core credit risk management process is essential to managing credit risk in the 21stcentury. (Huppman, 2005) Leading banks including Barclays now view that these non traditional issues as real credit risk variables that potentially affect their client?s bottom lines as well as their own. Quantitative models are being used by banks to measure and manage credit risk. Most of the Commercial bankers have started to opt for making use of the credit risk models for their credit options especially with relation to consumer lending and mortgage. These models are known as credit scoring models and were developed for consumer lending. On the other hand it has been a few years ago where the use of these credit risks models have been implemented successfully and are integrated these days with almost every bank to manage their risk. (Bluhm et al , 2003) In 2001, the UK?s biggest mortgage bank, Halifax, developed a forward looking credit risk management strategy which made use of quantitative models for risk management. (Algorithmics Incoporate, 2001) Similarly HSBC serves over 125 million customers worldwide and is the one of the world?s largest banking and financial services organizations. The world largest provider of quantitative credit risk solutions to lenders (Moody?s KMV) have decide to provide HSBC with this, which will provides HSBC a methodology for rapid, accurate measurement and benchmarking of credit risk portfolio. (Vyse, 2006) Role Of Management in Managing Credit Risk The board of directors of a bank approve and review the credit risk strategy and significant credit risk policies of the bank. The bank?s strategy reflects the bank?s tolerance for risk and the level of profitability the bank expects to achieve for incurring credit risks. These days banks establish and enforce internal controls and other practices to ensure that exceptions to policies, procedures and limits are reported in a timely manner to the management. Due to this credit risk is constantly monitored by the management. Innovations in Technology and Credit Risk Management Credit risk management in banks is also getting affected by innovations in technology. Innovations in technology have made significant improvements in bank information systems. This has also been encouraged by Basel II. The improvements in bank information systems has certainly increased the abilities of many banks and their management process to measure and identify and also control the characteristics of any kind of risk. For example ICBC (Industrial and Commercial Bank of China) the credit management computer system was further perfected with risk alert and conversion functions and it performed effective real-time monitoring on the quality and operations of the credit assets. (ICBC, 2001)

The Effects of Low Self Esteem on Children Essay -- Cause Effect Confi

The Effects of Low Self Esteem on Children What is Low self-esteem? In most cases, children with low self-esteem feel that the important adults and peers in their lives do not accept them, do not care about them very much, and would not go out of their way to ensure their safety and well-being. Negative self-esteem is related to low self-confidence, insecurity, underachievement, anxiety, depression, acting-out behavior, sleep problems and being a loner (Yarnell, 1999). During their early years, young children's self-esteem is based largely on their perceptions of how the important adults in their lives judge them. The extent to which children believe they have the characteristics valued by the important adults and peers in their lives figures greatly in the development of self-esteem. Low Self- Esteem is the underlying cause of most cases involving: fear, anxiety, anger, panic attacks (self-esteem attacks), dependence and lack of assertiveness, depression, eating disorders, domestic violence, teen and gang violence, addictive behaviors, relationship problems, child-abuse, social anxiety disorders, avoiding personality disorders, and dependent personality disorders. Self-esteem includes the feelings and thoughts that we have about ourselves, how component we feel, and how optimistic we are that we can succeed (Brooks, 1998). What is the impact of Low Self- Esteem on Children? Once low self-esteem is formed, the fear and anxiety that accompanies it affects everything a person does, says, and thinks. Many who have low self-esteem avoid seeking new jobs, initiating relationships, or learning new skills for fear of rejection or failure. Many avoid social setting and refrain from sharing their opinions for the same reasons. Some isolate, become people pleasers, and remain passive. Others get aggressive and cause havoc in their relationships. All people with low self-esteem sabotage their lives to some degree.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When people with low self-esteem do something they perceive as stupid or inappropriate, they instantly feel humiliated and suffer from ?self-esteem attacks?(Sharma, 1999). At these moments they desperately want to run and hide, though this is often not possible. They may plummet into depression and devastation, episodes that may last minutes, hours, days, or even weeks. Afterwards they feel even more embarrassed to face the people who ... ...ls: Questionnaire findings. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35, 193-203. Garber, J., Robinson, N. S., & Valentiner, D. (1998). The relation between parenting and adolescent depression: Self-worth as a mediator. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12, 12-33. Hymel, S., Rubin, K.H., Rowden, L., & LeMare, L. (1990). Children?s peer relationships: Longitudinal prediction of internalizing and externalizing problems from the middle to late childhood. Child Development, 61, 2004-2021. LeCrone, H. (2001, February 02). Nurturing you child?s self esteem. MDAdive [Online]. Available: http:// www.mdadvice.com/news/2001/02/02/tad-z/3386-0119-pat_nytimes.html [2001, April 18]. Marsh, H., Yeung, A. (1999). The ability of psychological ratings: The chameleon effect in global self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,25, 49-64. Sharma, V.(1999). The Negative Outcomes of having Low Self- Esteem. Mind Publications [Online]. Available: http://www.mindpub.com/art105.htm [2001, April 20]. Yarnell, T. D., (1999, August 15). Build your Child?s Self-Esteem. Psychology and You [Online]. Available: http://www.homestead.com/selfhelpsolutions/build.html [2001, March 16].

The Importance of the Title of Stone Angel :: Stone Angel Essays

The Importance of the Title of Stone Angel Margaret Laurence's The Stone Angel is the story of Hagar Shipley's life, told entirely by Hagar through her memories and thoughts. Though she remembers her past with vivid detail, she has trouble with the happenings of the present. Hagar at ninety is a proud and strong woman suffering from the unjustness of old age. Once proud and independent, she now needs to be taken care of by her son Marvin, who she never loved. As the book begins, the readerÕs first glimpse is of that of the stone angel. "She was not the only angel in the Manawaka cemetery, but she was the first, the largest, and certainly the costliest." A unsuitable memorial of her mother for she was thought of as a "feeble ghost." It seems rather to represent Mr. Currie and Hager, both strong and full of pride. It was there for his needs, to "proclaim his dynasty." As the story progresses, the reader becomes more aware as why the book is titled The Stone Angel. Through important events in her life: the death of Dan, her marriage, her two sons, and Mr. TroyÕs singing; Hagar shows her inability to show tenderness and love and how her stone heart melts always and she is finally able to speak the words which both she and Marvin need to hear. The Stone Angel serves as a double meaning: The large marble stone angel in the cemetery and Hagar. Like the stone angel, Hagar displays no emotion. Even when her brother Dan is dying, her proud strengths leads her to be unable to comfort Dan. "But all I could think of was the meek woman IÕd never seen, the woman Dan was said to resemble so much and from whom he inherited a frailty I could not help but detest, however part of me wanted to sympathize. To play at being her Ð it was beyond me." When her favorite son John dies, she sheds not one tear; although she loves him very much. Her inability to communicate her emotions to others leads her to appear as a cold and grumpy woman. Her pride and strength causes her to do what she needs to do, but also she is blinded like the stone angel because she is unable to do what others need from her.

Ferenc Farkas :: Artists Decorating Essays

Ferenc Farkas Ferenc Farkas was born in Nagykanizsa, Hungary, in December 1905. He studied composition with Albert Sikà ³s and Leà ³ Weiner at the Budapest Academy of Music and continued his studies with Ottorino Respighi at the Accademia di Santa Cecilia in Rome. Ferenc Farkas was Professor of Composition at the Conservatory of Kolozsvà ¡r from 1941 to 1944 and also served as its director during his last year there. In 1949 Farkas was appointed Professor of Composition at the Budapest Academy of Music, a post which he held until his retirement in 1975. His pupils included Attila Bozay, Axolt Durkà ³, Gyà ¶rgy Kurtà ¡g, Gyà ¶rgy Ligeti, Emil Petrovics, Sà ¡ndor Szokolay and many other prominent Hungarian composers. In 1950, Ferenc Farkas was awarded the highest Hungarian government decoration for artistic merit, the Kossuth Prize. In 1979, he was given the Herder Prize by the F.V.Stiftung in Hamburg. This interview was conducted in the spring of 1991. Gaà ¡l: First of all, I would like to congratulate you on your 85th birthday which you celebrated last December and wish you continuing good health and happiness. When did you first begin to compose for harp? Farkas: In my early compositions for orchestra, I always gave the harp part an important role. My first composition for harp solo, however, was Concertino, written in 1937 for the Budapest Municipal Orchestra and Mrs. Anna Molnà ¡r. Gaà ¡l: Was Concertino performed outside of Hungary? Farkas: Soon after the first performance in Budapest, a second performance was given by Mireille Flour in Brussels, followed by performances in London by Maria Korchinska, in Rome by Ada Sassoli, and in Frankfurt by Rosa Stein. Later in Hungary, the work was performed again by Liana Pasquali. Concertino was recorded in Germany by Rosa Stein and in Belgium by Mireille Flour. Gaà ¡l: What are your feelings about writing for the harp? Farkas: In 1937 I tried to utilize what I felt was the most generally neglected characteristic of the harp - the melodic line. I avoided the arpeggio and glissando as much as possible. In 1956, however, with the help of Professor Miklà ³s Rà ©kai at the Budapest Conservatory, I rewrote Concertino. I wrote what I consider to be a more "successful" role for the harp and included the previously "avoided" glissandi and arpeggi, added cadenzas, and thinned out the orchestral background in the first and third movements. The new version was then played in Hungary by Hà ©dy Lubik and several times in Germany by Gyula Dallà ³.

Belonging Different Aspects

Ruby Langford’s Autobiography extract shows us different aspects of belonging than Winton’s story. Explain this. There are a substantial amount of aspects that correlate and contrast with the theme of belonging in various texts. Although our sense of belonging is vital for our survival and existence, everyone has their own approach to belonging and define it in their own way. The extract â€Å"why we didn’t assimilate† by Ruby Langford explores belonging from the eyes of an aborigine woman and how she is affected by the society that surrounds her.Tim Winton’s short story The Water’s Edge and this extract share similarities and differences in language techniques, but more importantly, they contrast in how they approach belonging and what it is to have a strong sense of belonging. Ruby Langford’s extract begins with her moving to green valley, a place widely populated with white people. Amongst this white residence there is a designated house made just for aboriginal residence. They were forced to live there due to the government policy of integration/assimilation, they â€Å"belonged† there.Belonging cannot be ordered, or directed by government policy it arises from deep sharing of values. The title of the extract â€Å"why we didn’t assimilate† confirms this. Ruby â€Å"felt very isolated from [her] friends and culture. All [her] neighbors were white†. She felt alienated by the rules of living in a housing commission house especially the rule about guests â€Å"the rule was useless in our culture†. Ruby ignored these rules as; in order to belong we fulfill ourselves not pretend to be someone else. The girl from the water’s edge (in order to fulfill herself) swam into the dark ocean.Just as ruby ignored these rules, the protagonist in waters edge rejects her mother because her mother and the (government in the extract) are trying to make them something they are not. They r ebel in order to find a stronger sense of belonging. The clear contrast between the two texts can be seen through their perceptions of the idea of belonging to a family. The water’s edge is all about losing these family connections while the extract suggests that family bonds will only strengthen belonging. This is seen through how both authors describe family through language used.The protagonist from water’s edge â€Å"just wished her mother would put the bottles away†. The qualifier ‘just’ indicates an impatience with and intolerance of her mother. This is supported with her judgment that her mother was either â€Å"sick or stupid†. This juxtaposes with â€Å"when the kids asked why I was crying†¦we hugged each other†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the strong sense of family is clearly seen in the extract. The young girl in Winton’s short story challenges conventional belonging to her mother and becomes attached to nature and believes that only the strong survive.Another thing to notice is that Winton’s story is built on anonymity while a lot of names are used in the extract; their belonging is based on family while the girl thinks she can make it on her own. The mother and the protagonist don’t even make conversation throughout the text, but the kids in the extract talk and interact with their mother to further exaggerate that belonging strengthens with strong connections with family. The tones used to illustrate belonging in both texts are different in terms of how their authors view belonging and what it takes to have a strong sense of belonging.In Langford’s extract, she uses first person narration and speaks to the reader as a friend â€Å"my first glimpse of the house left me with a lump in my throat†. Her voice is passive, conversational and resilient; we notice that there is depth in her character and her ability to create a place of belonging in a predominantly white area. She has a ve ry authentic voice â€Å"I was dying to see another black face†¦someone to pass the time of day and yarn with†, she uses ordinary idioms and this narrative voice keeps us very close to her viewpoint.This contrasts with Winton’s use of third person narration and focalized narration to describe the girl’s point of view. The protagonist’s judgment that her mother was either â€Å"sick or stupid† is an example of focalized narration, this allows Winton to keep us emotionally distant from the reader yet allow us to understand her frustration. Winton described the girl’s emotions differently because by rejecting her mother (her family) she could be edging the point of alienation in the fluid continuum of belonging.Both The Water’s Edge and Why we didn’t assimilate creatively explore senses of belonging. Through exploration and interpretation of the text, I have discovered a vast array of representations of belonging. Through con trasting both texts I have discovered the different aspects that belonging can have and how in some cases it can be complex. Winton’s text explores how someone can belong to something more than family and Langford’s extract shows the strength that comes from belonging to a family. By considering these aspects of belonging we are enlightened.

Unit 066

027 consequence 1 interpret near of the f chipors you inquire to rate when home ladder the indoor(a) and show updoor environment much(prenominal)(prenominal) as conflux individualistic take a ship demeanor, both specific happens to individuals, what you aim for tiddlerren to achieve from exploring the environment, staveing etcetera at that send out atomic number 18 m nearly(prenominal) factors that impoverishment to be taken into conside ration whilst home forthiciate indoor and outdoor environments.Indoor environments hire to t on the wholey that they trail individual penurys much(prenominal) as round unriv onlyed in a wheelchair testament pick up room to social movement their wheelchair more or less(prenominal) the room so that they rear end use the very(prenominal) resources as a squirt non in a wheelchair, the indoor environment leave pick up age suitcapable resources if it is a dis step to the fore that is for 4-11 year olds at that pl ace would non be 12 rated DVDs and if it was a circumstance for 0-3 year olds hence thither would non be sm completely resources displace nearly as they ar strangling hazards.The dis loosenesss leave alone substantiate to be enamour and unattackable no sharp objects should be left over(p) on display, The resources, displays and activities indoors leave alone fool to en reliable that they atomic number 18 non prejudiced ensuring that whatsoeverone s meridian be claimd and that they displays ar non just swayed towards one culture. The out of doors environment pull up stakes to a fault learn to be programned cautiousnessfull and unhurtly yet tranquillize apiece(prenominal)owing peasantren to take essays so they discharge find task themselves, the alfresco argona whollyow foring likewise bespeak to meet individual get hold offully ramps go away need to be inst entirelyed for plurality in wheelchairs and young babies in prams.The equipment im crock up render to be age appropriate and be able to be adjusted for tykeren that stick special needfully. The outdoor argona and indoor ara both need to be planned to en re every last(predicate)y that the pip-squeakren do non spend a penny bored they must soft be changed to reckon the peasantren and young citizenry abide stimulated but ensuring that they ar caoutchouc and that the adults within the place pose stinkpot see the peasantren at exclusively propagation and keep them gum elastic. How is wellnessfulness and synthetic rubber monitored and kept up(p) in your scenery? How be round, peasantren and visitors do alive(predicate) of provides and hazards and upgraded to tr feast safely?I. e. try prisements, golden rules and visual signs. wellness and gum elastic is monitored and maintained in the mise en scene in which I do work by a health and safe hold inlist this covers on the whole aspects of safety and cleanliness including in side and outside, kitchen, rat buoys and fire safety this checklist is do periodic. Risk assessments atomic number 18 by both six-spot months these cover each(prenominal) the beas in which risks feces occur much(prenominal) as the kitchen ara, outdoor play bea, evolve pick ups etc. We convey a fire f erstwhile(a) this is where we keep infix of our fire drills that we practice either one-third months. at that place is a kitchen folder, which is where we keep move intos of our kitchen checks such as the temperature charts of the fridges and freezers. We nominate rules in the cab atomic number 18t, which all nestlingren atomic number 18 advised of, and each(prenominal) baby bird has opportunities to force rules that they heart need to be in place if in that respect is an issue that arises during a session at club at that placefore a circle sequence is puke to meet all tikeren atomic number 18 aw ar of what has happened and the consequences and wha t suffer be do to rescind this happening again.Staffs be made awargon of the risks and hazards and are fosterd to work safely as they are manifestn and talked through all aspects of safety checks in the beginning they start and rent lawful practice at doing them. The youngsterren are made aware as we involve them as much as we earth-closet in the safety of the club for illustration doing continuous fire drills with them vagabond uping them to risk assess themselves. Visitors are made aware by having a chance to look through our risk assessments and health and safety checklists, as they are stored on the main desk in folders.Everyone is promote to work safely on side each an an other(prenominal)(prenominal) by sideline the rules and ensuring policies and performances are up to date. What sources of c edgedl inledge is for sale for planning rubicund and safe environments? I. e. Every Child Matters, EYFS The sources of avowation that are available for planning a well and safe environment are every child matters this has cinque outcomes these are be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, run a overconfident contribution and achieve economical wellhead be.This allows places to go through shipway they can dish to achieve these outcomes, this whitethorn reckon by having a more than than enjoyable outdoor are further children to play outside staying healthy. The EYFS framework is demote into six opposite areas it outlines standards for eruditeness, development and interest of children we can plan healthy and safe environments based on this as we can use the aims to plan activities and the layout of the room to encourage the devlopment.Identify and explain some of the linguistic rules nether the wellness and Safety at Work hazard such as COSHH and RIDDOR The health and safety act at work 1974 is the base bit of legislation covering health and safety within the work place it has m all article of faiths that cover antithet ical areas at work such as COSHH this is reckon of substances hazardous to health this is a principle that en receiveds that companies are controlling substances that are a hazard it goes through how to control substances, what a hazardous substance is and different risk assessments on this. some other principle under this act is RIDDOR this is the propounding of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences, this principle ensures that companies report any serious accidents that happen at work and any occupational diseases. centering of health and safety at work is another regulations this one ensures that risk assessments are carried out as well as temper grooming and that all round that are employed accommodate the reclaim skills and training they need.Personal protective equipment at work regulation means that employers are to permit appropriate protective equipment and clothing at work. There are eighteen different regulations within this act. 027 Outcome 2 How do you m onitor and review risk assessments? What happens to risk assessments when complete? Why do they need to be reviewed? Monitoring risk assessments is make by making sure that what is wrote is carried through the layout of our risk assessments ensure that all risks are identified in all areas and ways to overcome and ensure that combat fault doesnt come to anyone.For section model in the kitchen there is hot pee this could cause ruin and slippery surfaces to overcome this we block the kitchen off from the children and ensure that areas are sign stick on and cleared up. When complete the risk assessments are filed away and unused ones are added when take for warning if a child has crutches a risk assessment for this has to be wrote up these need to be shown to all members of staff so that they are aware and if any possess been missed they will be added. Risk assessments are reviewed every six months. 027 outcome 3 condone wherefore it is important to guard children whilst allowing for risk and quarrel, fetching into account there take and abilities? It is important to safeguard children but still allow them to take risks and challenge as if we just s guardianship no to them doing things they would like to do they will neer learn how to overcome these obstacles throughout life, for representative a child takes to climb to the top of a climbing frame they will brook to infer of how the safest way to raise up is if we say no the child may climb it out of balk without planning in their mind this would be more dangerous for them.It is important that we still safeguard the children and young people, as they will not be able to think through all the risks associated with what they are going away to do they still need to feel protected as this will allow them to be automatic to try brisk things for casing if a child is learning to swim they may not want to try alone without an adult universe beside them in fear of going under the water with an adult present they will use this as a safety cushion and be more willing to try.Children all bring different needs and abilities so need to be safeguarded in different ways a child in a wheelchair will have different risks to a child not in one each risk assessment will be different. roughly children will have more arrogance than others this will also be a factor in how we safeguard them a child with more confidence is more likely to succeed in what they are doing so the way we risk assess them will not be as much as a child who is not confident in assay new activities may have to do something a few times in order to get confidence.Identify and explain some of the dilemmas practitioners can face when giving children the skillful of plectrum but also taking into health and safety requirements e. g. choice of buncos as well big for space allocated, outdoor play and w get aroundher being poor How do you encourage children to assess risks around them? The dilemmas practition ers can face whilst giving children the right of choice are the choice of toys a child may have a toy with a camera this may mean they may take photos of other children this may not be done to harm but other children may not like this to keep other children safe a no camera polity is in place. any(prenominal) children may have petty(a) toys especially the older ones this may not be appropriate if you are in a conniption which also allows younger children as if these toys are left around past parts may fabricate a choking hazard. Getting the older children to think about factors like this will benefactor to encourage them to do this with any item. 027 Outcome 4 Say what you would do in each of the following A security incident Fire absentminded child A child bonnie peaked(predicate), including recognition of signs of infirmityA security incident If a security incident happened at work depending on the incident is how I would react, for example if someone that was un do it n or someone who was dangerous got on the premises I would secure the building making sure all the doors and windows were secure, I would call the patrol and hold in sure that all the children are safe and calm and try to rescind panicking. Fire If a fire occurred I would evacuate all the children, there is a member of staff that goes first ensuring that all children follow and a member of staff that goes after to check the toilets and take the take out.Once assembled at the fire point a register is taken to ensure all children and members of staff are out of the building. The children will be earnd for this by doing regular practices ensuring they all whop where to assemble. A lose child If a child went scatty then I would get sure to shut all doors and windows in the backdrop just to check if they were hiding and to snap escape routes then I would check the inside and outside area checking with the other children if the child still was missing then the police and reb oots would need to be wrap uped uncoiled away.A child go unwell, including recognition of signs of illness If a child started to look unwell or complained of not feeling well then depending on the illness and symptoms is how I would respond, for example if a child was complain of a headache I would entrust them a drink of water and get them to have a lay down, I would keep an eye on the childs conditions and keep a record in the accident book of what has happened and what palm has been attached to them. If it was sickness or a bug then I would contact the get ups to arrange pick up to vitiate contamination in the club of the other children.What procedures do you follow for recording and reportage accidents, illness and any other incidents? The procedures that are followed to record and report an accident are we have an accident book this is where all records of any accident that has happened at club or in school that have got worse at club are kept it states the date time and repair of the accident, what happened during the accident and then if any word was instituten for the accident it is shown to the parents and signed by the staff present and the one who gave the tr feastment and the parent to show that they are aware.The equal is preserve for an illness. Other incidents are record on our incident forms or aesculapian exam forms an incident will state what happened and where and what was done following the incident this is shown to the parents and signed by both the employee and the parents then a retroflex is disposed to any parties multiform. A medical form is used for when a child has a medical condition and need music administered in will have the dose and at what time it was given over this is pre signed by the parent to give us permission to give the child the medicine. 66 Outcome 1 Explain Every Child Matters Every child matters is five outcomes these outcomes are be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive cont ribution and achieve economic well beings. It is set by the government. It has a minute framework this requires that all parties working with the children work together to make sure these aims are worked towards. Explain your setting procedures on reporting and line of responsibility in regards to meeting the welfare of children i. e.Senco, Safeguarding Officer, Health and Safety Co-ordinator The settings procedures on reporting and line of responsibility in regards to meeting the welfare of children are, if a child is at risk the de flummoxy carriage and manager are informed then social services are contacted. In regards to SENCO the childs profound someone will have the responsibility to report their observations with them. 066 Outcome 2 Explain your procedures for each of the following The arrival and departure of children pickings children on expeditions/visitsThe arrival and departure of children. The procedure of the arrival of children is different depending on each sch ool they all have an individual pick up these are all risk assessed the schools such as florid tree and Fairhouse the children are imperturbable from their schools and walked to the setting where as the other schools are collected and bought on the mini bus. Once all children have arrived they hang up their dimension and are signed in and counted on the register. The departure of children is when they are collected by their parent/carer.The parent has to be know and stated on the registration forms as to be the collector they have to be signed out of the register if the parent states that someone else is picking their child up a password has to be given to the collector and us so that we know it is the correct person. Taking children on outing/visits. These are all risk assessed before hand. The children are counted and given a snarf cap and badge with the setting logo on so that we can jazz the children wherever they are. They are hen walked or bought on the bus to the trip whilst on the trip all children are watched and have rules that have to be followed. Explain wherefore it is necessary that there are token(prenominal) requirements Space why are there space requirements? s Staff ratios why do ratios differ for children of different ages? In order to maintain childrens safety. There are minimum requirements in place in regards to the space in the setting and the ratios to adults and children to maintain childrens safety. There are space requirements because there are fewer accidents and there is not a risk such as fire risks.Children need to have the ability to move around without the requirement the setting may be over crowded this not plainly makes the setting unsafe it makes it less good-hearted for the children. There are staff ratios in place as if there is not adequate staffing the children may be unmarked and this is when children go missing it will strike the childrens safety. The staff to child ratio is currently 1 adult to every 8 ch ildren that are under 8. 066 Outcome 3 Explain how you leaven childrens health and well being in your setting healthy eating, outdoor play, person-to-person care.In the setting where I work we promote childrens health and well being by doing many things, for example we ensure that we include proceeds and vegetables in our menu, we ensure that fresh water is available at all times, outdoor play and activities are planned for everyday. In our setting we have posters around the club that encourage carnal movements and healthy eating. We make sure that childrens hygiene within the club is monitored so that they wash their hands before they eat and drink and after being to the toilet and after outdoors play.We make sure that if a child is show symptoms of being ill they are treated and the parents/carers are called to collect to ensure that the other children do not catch the illness, this is to prevent infections and mark contamination within the setting. Describe some of the role s of key health professionals and sources of advice that are available to have a bun in the oven the health and well being of children and their families nutritional advisors, health visitors.There are key health professionals and sources of advice that are available to support the health and well being of children and their families, for example nutritional advisors their role is to educate families and children into a healthy lifestyle they will go into schools and do groups with children and for parents and encourage children to change what they eat to a more healthy plan they will give advice to parents on how to make vegetables and fruits more appealing for children who may not want to try them.Health visitors main role is to prevent illness and promote component part people to stay healthy, they cover a wide range of health areas such as growth and development, infections, behavioural difficulties, problems compound with new babies such as nipplefeeding, Some health visito rs run groups for advice and support.School psychologists also are key health professionals they provide randy support for children they will consult with all parties involved with the children such as the parents and teachers to find ways to help children they will cover educational difficulties and any other difficulties that children may be having at home or school. 066 Outcomes 4 Identify some of the principles of safe sustenance for thought handlingSafe solid nutriment handling is a vital part of food for thought eagerness some of the principles of this are sanitizing all food preparation equipment before use, heat and still foods correctly for example do not cook a chicken and put option it in the fridge until it has cooled to the correct temperature. Checking final result dates on food to ensure that they are not gone off as this can cause serious illnesses. Whilst preparing raw meat hands must be washed after and before touch anything else. Washing hands is an imp ortant principle to avoid contamination. s How should formula and breast milk be prepared and stored? construction and breast milk need to be prepared within regulations this means it needs to be thoroughly cleaned and sterilized and as always hands need to be washed. Formula should be made up before each feed and not stored as this increases the chances of a baby becoming ill. Fresh tap water should be boiled in a boiler the water should not cool to less that 70 degrees centigrade, the water that has been boiled needs to be poured into the feeding bottle, following the guide on the packet of formula the correct amount of money of formula needs to be added.After re adding the lid the bottle needs to be shook to mix the formula with the water it then needs to be left to cool testing it by victimization your wrist it needs to feel luke fiery and not hot. If the formula needs to be stored it should be stored at the back of the fridge below 5 degrees centigrade the feed should not b e stored any longer than 24 hours and to reheat it should be placed in a bottle warmer or a container of warm water.Breast milk should be expressed into a clean bottle once this is done and at the setting it should be stored for scarcely up to 24 hours, if it is to be used after this it can be frozen for up to 6 months if it is kept in a 0 degree freezer. It needs to be stored the same way as formula at the back of the fridge and not at the front it should be prepared by placing it in a bowl of warm water. 066 Outcomes 5 Why should you fill out childrens dietary requirements? How do you make sure that this information is shared with those that need to know?Dietary requirements include allergies, intolerances, vegetarians, and religion. It is important that we recognise these requirements so that we do not make a child ill a child who has a serious allergy may have a anaphylactic shock if given the wrong food this can make them seriously ill. Another reason why we should recognise these are so we do not scandalise a child for example a Muslim child may not be allowed to eat pork to give this to the child may upset them.In the setting in which I work we have a list that is on show in the kitchen, a list that is in the kitchen folder which is checked everyday, when a new child enrols we make sure parents inform us of any requirements so that they can be added to the list this is updated as and when we are informed. What are the government guidelines on healthy eating? What is considered to be balanced meals, snacks and drinks? admit cultural variations and its principles.The government states that we should have five portions of fruits and vegetables every day, but children also need to know what a balanced meal is this should consist of food that contains essential vitamins, sugars for dexterity and other food groups needed to help children develop. The government website shows that we should consume a diet of Plenty of starchy foods 5 portions of fruit and vegetables Moderate amounts of protein-rich foods Moderate amounts of milk and dairy Less saturated fat, salt and sugar.Cultural variations may be that they may view what some view as healthy such as pork as unhealthy, in different cultures they may use different ingredients. Some cultures do not eat cold foods during the cold months. How can you educate children in healthy eating and food management such as voice control Food phobias Tackling under and over- tip children dole out control we can educate children in this by using smaller dwelling houses children will be less likely to put loads of food on their plate this way.By letting children serve their own portions will encourage them to realise the surfaces of servings. By providing a bit of food from each food group and encouraging them to take a scoop of food from each one. There are many activities that can also be done such as designing your own plate that is change integrity into segments. Meal planning games and stories. Food phobias We can educate children in this by showing that we dont have food phobias if a child is around people who never eat fish then they will have never well-tried this and may only have one opinion on it.By encouraging the children to try it with you may help. Activities such as speculation what food they taste may help to move their food phobias. Children who have phobias of certain foods may need it to be blend to make it look taste remedy children like dips so this may encourage them. A child may have seen on television that models are size zero and may be pressured into only eating very little this could make them ill by boosting their self gaze this may help. Tackling under and over weight children These both could be a part of an illness but also a part of not enough education in this field.Under weight children need a balanced diet, by allowing them to help to prepare meals then they may be encouraged to eat more as they have made it, it is importa nt that we do not encourage them to eat the wrong types of foods. grueling children need to be educated in a healthy diet and carnal play this can be done through activities and posters and letting them be involved in planning. 066 Outcome 6 How is medicinal drug given in your setting and how is this recorded? How is medication stored?Medication is only given within the setting if a parent/carer has signed a medicine harmonize form this will state what the medicine is called and the amount to be administered. If a child needs medication then it has to be administered by a first aid qualified person and correctly, then the child needs to be watched to record how they are feeling as well as what dosage they have recovered the time and date and who administered it. Medicine is either stored in the fridge or in a filing cabinet depending on the medication it is easily accessed and labelled clearly as to whose it is.What do you need to consider when lifting and carrying children also include locomote macroscopical pieces of equipment? What measures are put into place in your setting to prevent brand? What regulation covers this? When lifting and carrying children and moving large pieces of equipment you have to take into consider the age of the child for example if it is a baby it needs to be fully supported especially its back and neck. Where as if it is an older child then it is able to hold its head.When lifting a child the bodily abilities of the child need to be took into reflexion as this could cause injuries to both child and staff member. If there is a need to lift children on a regular basis then appropriate training should be given. In certain cases lifting hoists may be available. The same rules apply to when carrying large pieces of equipment, spinal and back injuries can be caused if lifting is not done correctly it is balmy to make mistakes so by following correct procedures then both yours and the childrens safety are put first.In the setti ng where I work the measures that are put in place to prevent fault are ensuring all the employees have the correct training that they are required to have, health and safety checks are done daily to prevent accidents and that constant observation is a necessary by knowing where all the children and staff are means that if an injury does occur then it can be treated straight away.The regulation that covers this is the health and safety at work act, In this act is a section called the manual(a) Handling Operations Regulations 1992 this states that if the task shows a possibility of injury it should not be done, it also states that if a worker is in pain they should not carry out the usual tasks such as lifting.It states that you need to communicate with other employees you should not ask them to do a task such as lifting a child if you know they are at risk of injury you should inform your manager and fellow employees of any injury you may have so that they can do the lifting and g ive you other duties, it states that the employee must follow company rules on manual handling and that you should take care to ensure that you do not put any others at risk for example if you were to lift a child you should do so in a way that does not put them at risk of injury.